An Overview of Flexible Sensors: Development, Application, and Challenges.

The emergence and advancement of flexible electronics have great potential to lead development trends in many fields, such as "smart electronic skin" and wearable electronics. By acting as intermediates to detect a variety of external stimuli or physiological parameters, flexible sensors are regarded as a core component of flexible electronic systems and have been extensively studied. Unlike conventional rigid sensors requiring costly instruments and complicated fabrication processes, flexible sensors can be manufactured by simple procedures with excellent production efficiency, reliable output performance, and superior adaptability to the irregular surface of the surroundings where they are applied.

A graphene oxide-molybdenum disulfide composite used as stationary phase for determination of sulfonamides in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography.

A graphene oxide-molybdenum disulfide (GO-MoS) composite was synthesized and utilized as the highly efficient stationary phase of open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). The characterization results indicated that GO-MoS composite was successfully synthesized. The GO-MoS-coated capillary column was prepared by covalent immobilization method for the determination of seven sulfonamides.

Fire Needle Acupuncture Regulates Wnt/ERK Multiple Pathways to Promote Neural Stem Cells to Differentiate into Neurons in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury.

Background & Objective: NSCs therapy is considered one of the most potential methods for spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: We build the SCI model rats to investigate the therapeutic effect of fire needle acupuncture in improving the locomotor function of SCI rats and its possible mechanism. BBB scale was used for the motor ability of rats.

Fast and simple determination of moroxydine residues in pig and chicken samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A general solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of moroxydine residues in pig and chicken samples has been developed. After extraction and purification of real samples, moroxydine residues were detected using a hydrophobic interaction liquid chromatography column with an optimised mobile phase composition. The extraction reagents, the kind of SPE columns and the type of eluents were optimised to achieve the maximum extraction efficiency.

[EFFECT OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE ON ENDOTHELIALIZATION OF VASCULAR PROSTHESES].

Objective: To investigate whether the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) can promote endothelialization, inhibit vascular intimal hyperplasia, and improve long-term patency rate by the treatment of rhGH after vascular prostheses bypass.

Methods: Between August 2007 and January 2009, 94 patients with lower extremity arteriosclerotic occlusive disease were treated. Among them, 32 patients (34 limbs) who met the selection criteria were enrolled in this study.

Musashi-2 Silencing Exerts Potent Activity against Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Enhances Chemosensitivity to Daunorubicin.

RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 (Msi2) is known to play a critical role in leukemogenesis and contributes to poor clinical prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the effect of Msi2 silencing on treatment for AML still remains poorly understood. In this study, we used lentivirus-mediated RNA interference targeting Msi2 to investigate the resulting changes in cellular processes and the underlying mechanisms in AML cell lines as well as primary AML cells isolated from AML patients.

A dual-signal amplification method for the DNA detection based on exonuclease III.

A dual-signal amplification method based on two molecular beacons was designed for human hemochromatosis (HFE) gene detection. The two probes, P1 and P2, could resist the exonuclease III (Exo III) digestion due to the 3'-termini protrusion, and could coexist stably with Exo III. In the presence of HFE targets, P1 hybridized with a HFE target to form a duplex DNA with a recessed 3'-hydroxyl termini and then partially digested by Exo III, releasing the HFE target and a residual sequence (X).

An electrochemical sensor based on label-free functional allosteric molecular beacons for detection target DNA/miRNA.

We report two novel electrochemical sensors (E-sensors) for the detection of target DNA and miRNA. The E-sensors were fabricated using label-free functional allosteric molecular beacons (aMBs), which can form streptavidin aptamers to bind to streptavidin peroxidase polymer and so generate catalytic currents in the presence of the targets. These E-sensors eliminate the antigen antibody interactions which require sophisticated DNA modification.

Facile synthesis of red-emitting lysozyme-stabilized Ag nanoclusters.

A facile approach was developed to prepare positively charged and red-emitting lysozyme-stabilized Ag nanoclusters (Lys-AgNCs) using NaBH₄ as a reducing agent at room temperature. The Lys-AgNCs can be applied in the highly selective detection of Hg²⁺.

Sonochemical synthesis of highly fluorescent glutathione-stabilized Ag nanoclusters and S2- sensing.

A facile one-pot sonochemical approach is presented to prepare highly blue-emitting Ag nanoclusters (AgNCs) using glutathione as a stabilizing agent in aqueous solution. The as-prepared AgNCs can be applied in the selective detection of S(2-) with a limit of detection of 2 nM based on fluorescence quenching.

An electrochemiluminescence sensor based on a Ru(bpy)3(2+)-silica-chitosan/nanogold composite film.

Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide containing amino and hydroxyl groups, was used to fabricate an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor. In the sensor construction, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was first coated by a chitosan film which embedded gold nanoparticles, and then the film was modified by introducing carboxyl groups on the surface, which were used to immobilize tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) doped amino-functional silica nanoparticles (NH(2)-RuSiNPs) through amido links. The successful modification was confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy and cyclic voltammetry.

Encoding electrochemiluminescence using Ru(bpy)3(2+) and fluorescein isothiocyanate co-doped silica nanoparticles.

In this paper, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) encoding method was developed for the first time, based on a dual-dye system including Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) as an ECL emitter and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as a coding dye.

Nonenzymatic amperometric sensing of glucose by using palladium nanoparticles supported on functional carbon nanotubes.

A nonenzymatic electrochemical method was developed for glucose detection using an electrode modified with palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs)-functional carbon nanotubes (FCNTs). PdNPs were homogeneously modified on FCNTs through a facile spontaneous redox reaction and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Based on the voltammetric and amperometric results, PdNPs efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of glucose at 0.

Electrochemiluminescence detection of methamphetamine based on a Ru(bpy)₃(2+)-doped silica nanoparticles/Nafion composite film modified electrode.

An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) approach for methamphetamine determination was developed based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a Ru(bpy)₃ (2+)-doped silica nanoparticles/Nafion composite film. The monodispersed nanoparticles, which were about 50 nm in size, were synthesized using the water-in-oil microemulsion method. The ECL results revealed that Ru(bpy)₃ (2+) doped in silica nanoparticles retained its original photo- and electrochemical properties.

A facile synthesis of palladium nanoparticles supported on functional carbon nanotubes and its novel catalysis for ethanol electrooxidation.

In this study, a novel material, palladium nanoparticles-carboxylic functional carbon nanotubes (PdNPs-CFCNTs), based on PdNPs supported on CFCNTs was synthesized by a facile spontaneous redox method. The material reveals high electrochemical activity and excellent catalytic characteristic for alcohol electrooxidation on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in an alkaline medium. The preparation mechanism was studied by the galvanic cell effect between PdCl(4)(2-) and functional defect sites on CFCNTs.

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence ethanol biosensor based on alcohol dehydrogenase functionalized Ru(bpy)3(2+) doped silica nanoparticles.

An ethanol biosensor, based on the electrogenerated chemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-doped silica nanoparticles (RuSiNPs), was investigated in this study. The biosensor was a modified glassy carbon electrode, where alcohol dehydrogenase was crosslinked to RuSiNPs, and then immobilized on the electrode surface using chitosan. The results indicated that the biosensor exhibited excellent performance during ethanol determination with a wide linear range (10(-7) to 10(-2) M), low detection limit (5.

A novel non-enzymatic ECL sensor for glucose using palladium nanoparticles supported on functional carbon nanotubes.

A novel non-enzymatic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs)-functional carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) was discovered for glucose detection. PdNPs were homogeneously modified on FCNTs using a facile spontaneous redox reaction method. Their morphologies were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Electrochemiluminescence detection of dichlorvos pesticide in luminol-CTAB medium.

A simple, novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method for the detection of dichlorvos pesticide (DDVP) with high sensitivity was discovered. Detection was carried out in a static ECL system, in which a glassy carbon electrode was selected as the working electrode. ECL parameters, including the concentrations of cetyrltrimethylammonium bromide and luminol, the solution pH, and the scan rate of the applied potential, were optimized.

Chemiluminescence of tryptophan and histidine in Ru(bpy)3(2+)-KMnO4 aqueous solution.

Amino acids with different chemical structures have different abilities in terms of increasing the intensity of chemiluminescence (CL) of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)3(2+)]. In a flow system, CL caused by the reaction between Ru(bpy)3(3+) and 15 amino acids was observed, but only tryptophan (Trp) and histidine (His) enhanced the intensity obviously, and so the CL of Trp and His and their molecular groups was studied. A calculation of the ionization potentials (IPs) of their N atom indicated that the CL intensities of these compounds depended on their IPs.

[Long-term clinical results after highly selective vagotomy plus pylorus-preserved mucosal antrectomy].

Objective: To study the long-term clinical results of 34 chronic duodenal ulcer patients treated with high selective vagotomy plus pylorus-preserved mucosal antrectomy (HSV + PPMA).

Methods: Clinical follow-up results of the patients from 8 approximately 14 years were analyzed.

Results: Thirty-tow patients (94.