Altered gut microbiota and systemic immunity in Chinese patients with schizophrenia comorbid with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), leading to negative consequences like premature mortality. Gut dysbiosis, which refers to an imbalance of the microbiota, and chronic inflammation are associated with both SZ and MetS. However, the relationship between gut dysbiosis, host immunological dysfunction, and SZ comorbid with MetS (SZ-MetS) remains unclear.

Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals the therapeutic mechanism underlying Chelidonium majus L. in the treatment of allergic asthma.

Background: Chelidonium majus is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, and has been reported of the effect in relieving cough and asthma. However, the mechanism of action is still unknown.

Methods: Asthmatic SD rats were first sensitized and established through ovalbumin (OVA) motivation.

Low beauvericin concentrations promote PC-12 cell survival under oxidative stress by regulating lipid metabolism and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.

Beauvericin (BEA), a naturally occurring cyclic peptide with good pharmacological activity, has been widely explored in anticancer research. Although BEA is toxic, studies have demonstrated its antioxidant activity. However, to date, the antioxidant mechanisms of BEA remain unclear.

Laser Synthesis of PtMo Single-Atom Alloy Electrode for Ultralow Voltage Hydrogen Generation.

Maximizing atom-utilization efficiency and high current stability are crucial for the platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, the Pt single-atom anchored molybdenum (Mo) foil (Pt-SA/Mo-L) as a single-atom alloy electrode is synthesized by the laser ablation strategy. The local thermal effect with fast rising-cooling rate of laser can achieve the single-atom distribution of the precious metals (e.

A Novel Clustering Method Based on Adjacent Grids Searching.

Clustering is used to analyze the intrinsic structure of a dataset based on the similarity of datapoints. Its widespread use, from image segmentation to object recognition and information retrieval, requires great robustness in the clustering process. In this paper, a novel clustering method based on adjacent grid searching (CAGS) is proposed.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Thioglucoside Analogues of Gliflozin as Potent New Gliflozin Drugs.

In this study, we have investigated the potential of two classes of thioglucoside analogues of gliflozins as antidiabetic drugs, one with substitutions of S-atoms in meta-positions (similar to -glucoside SGLT2 inhibitors, TAGs , , and ) and the other with substitutions of S-atoms in ortho-positions (similar to -glucoside SGLT2 inhibitors, TAGs , , , and ). These TAGs were confirmed to show good stability against β-glucosidase and to have no acute toxicity to cultured cells. Most importantly, TAGs , , , and all showed high inhibitory activity against SGLT2 (IC: 2.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Clostridium Difficile Infection in Inpatients with Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea.

Background: Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus that can cause pseudomembranous colitis and other C. difficile-associated diseases, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality.

Efficacy and Safety of Apatinib in Patients with Recurrent or Refractory Melanoma.

Background: The prognosis of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma is very poor and partly due to resistance to conventional chemotherapies. The study's objectives were to assess the activity and tolerability of apatinib, an oral small molecule anti-angiogenesis inhibitor, in patients with recurrent advanced melanoma.

Methods: This was a single-arm, single-center phase II trial.

Analysis of misaligned optical rotational Doppler effect by modal decomposition.

The optical rotational Doppler effect (RDE) is closely related to the unique orbital angular momentum (OAM) carried by optical vortex, whose topological charge means the mode of OAM. Compared with the coaxial incidence, the rotational Doppler frequency shift spectrum of a misaligned optical vortex (misaligned RDE) widens according to a certain law. In this paper, an OAM modal decomposition method of the misaligned optical RDE is proposed and the relative intensity of different OAM modes, namely the OAM spectrum, is derived based on an inner product computation.

Generating a new type of polygonal perfect optical vortex.

We generate a new type of perfect optical vortex called the polygonal perfect optical vortex (PPOV) by combining the Bessel-Gauss beam with the high-order cross-phase (HOCP) at the plane of a spatial light modulator (SLM). This is the first time that the HOCP is applied to the Fourier plane of an optical field (POV) instead of directly acting on an optical field itself. Experimentally, the symmetrical PPOV is generated, and the capability of asymmetric distribution is demonstrated.

A Hybrid Differential Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm for UAV Path Planning.

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning is crucial in UAV mission fulfillment, with the aim of finding a satisfactory path within affordable time and moderate computation resources. The problem is challenging due to the complexity of the flight environment, especially in three-dimensional scenarios with obstacles. To solve the problem, a hybrid differential symbiotic organisms search (HDSOS) algorithm is proposed by combining the mutation strategy of differential evolution (DE) with the modified strategies of symbiotic organism search (SOS).

Comparing the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid galactomannan, serum galactomannanan, and serum 1,3-β-d-glucan in non-neutropenic respiratory disease patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

The incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is increasing higher in non-neutropenic patients. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Galactomannan (GM), serum GM, and 1,3-β-d-glucan (BDG) in non-neutropenic respiratory disease patients with IPA.

Rotational Doppler effect detection by LG beams with a nonzero radial index.

The capability to detect the rotational speed of non-cooperative targets in a long distance is a difficult problem to be solved. In recent years, vortex light provides a feasible solution for the measurement of rotational speed for its spiral phase and the orbital angular momentum. Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode, as the typical vortex beam, has been widely employed in rotational Doppler effect (RDE) experiments.

Direction-sensitive detection of a spinning object using dual-frequency vortex light.

Rotational Doppler effect (RDE) has attracted much attention in recent years which opens new avenues to angular velocity measurement. However, most previous studies used single-frequency vortex light as the detection beam so that the rotational Doppler signal is in the low frequency domain where most of noise signals exist. In this article, we use the dual-frequency 2-fold multiplexed vortex light as the probe beam and transform the Doppler signals from the low frequency domain to the high frequency domain successfully.

Polygonal shaping and multi-singularity manipulation of optical vortices via high-order cross-phase.

Increasing demand for practical applications is forcing more in-depth research into optical vortices (OVs): from the generation and measurement to the shaping and multi-singularity manipulation of OVs. Herein, we propose a new type of phase structure called the high-order cross-phase (HOCP), which can be employed to modulate OVs to implement polygonal shaping and multi-singularity manipulation simultaneously at far-field. Theoretically, we investigate the propagation characteristics of OVs modulated by a HOCP.

A Novel Simulated Annealing Based Strategy for Balanced UAV Task Assignment and Path Planning.

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has drawn increasing attention in recent years, especially in executing tasks such as natural disaster rescue and detection, and battlefield cooperative operations. Task assignment and path planning for multiple UAVs in the above scenarios are essential for successful mission execution. But, effectively balancing tasks to better excavate the potential of UAVs remains a challenge, as well as efficiently generating feasible solutions from the current one in constrained explosive solution spaces with the increase in the scale of optimization problems.

Detection of spinning objects at oblique light incidence using the optical rotational Doppler effect: erratum.

An erratum is presented to correct funding section of [Opt. Express 27(17), 24781-24792 (2019)].

Generation and measurement of high-order optical vortices by using the cross phase.

We investigate a method for the generation and measurement of high-order optical vortices (OVs) by using the cross phase (CP), which is applied to implement interconversion between Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams and Hermite-Gaussian beams in the far-field. Experimentally, we generate LG beams, which are a kind of typical OVs, with 20 radial nodes, and measure OVs with topological charges up to 200 via the CP. On this basis, we discuss the relationship between intensity distributions and the waist radius of initial light beams.

Overview of Stigma against Psychiatric Illnesses and Advancements of Anti-Stigma Activities in Six Asian Societies.

: In psychiatry, stigma is an attitude of disapproval towards people with mental illnesses. Psychiatric disorders are common in Asia but some Asians receive inadequate treatment. Previous review found that Asians with mental illness were perceived to be dangerous and aggressive.

Detection of spinning objects at oblique light incidence using the optical rotational Doppler effect.

The optical rotational Doppler effect of light beams with angular momentum has recently found applications in the remote sensing of spinning objects. However, most of the reported experimental demonstrations rely on the particular condition of normal incidence, while the general case of oblique incidence has not been addressed yet. Herein, we investigate the optical rotational Doppler effect at oblique incidence based on a local scattering model and formulate the quantitative relation between the Doppler frequency shift and the tilt angle.

Influence of lateral misalignment on the optical rotational Doppler effect.

The discovery of the optical rotational Doppler effect associated with orbital angular momentum of light paves a new way to detect the rotational speed of spinning objects. In this paper, we investigate the influence of lateral misalignment, i.e.

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides attenuate learning and memory disabilities via anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.

The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect and underling mechanism of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPS) on two well-established animal models of learning and memory disabilities. Model of estrogen deficiency caused learning and memory disability can be induced by ovariectomy in mice, and mice were injected subcutaneously with d-galactose, which can also cause cognitive decline. H&E staining and Nissl staining were employed to confirm the protective effect of DOPS on hippocampal neuron.

Novel Sulfolobus Virus with an Exceptional Capsid Architecture.

A novel archaeal virus, denoted (SEV1), was isolated from an acidic hot spring in Costa Rica. The morphologically unique virion of SEV1 contains a protein capsid with 16 regularly spaced striations and an 11-nm-thick envelope. The capsid exhibits an unusual architecture in which the viral DNA, probably in the form of a nucleoprotein filament, wraps around the longitudinal axis of the virion in a plane to form a multilayered disk-like structure with a central hole, and 16 of these structures are stacked to generate a spool-like capsid.