Maternal Donor and Genetic Variation of Cultivars.

L. is a well-known ornamental plant with large pyramidal racemes, long flower duration, and diverse colors and cultivars. It has been cultivated for nearly 1600 years and is essential for investigating the germplasm and assessing genetic variation to support international cultivar identification and breeding programs.

Phylogenomic approaches untangle early divergences and complex diversifications of the olive plant family.

Background: Deep-branching phylogenetic relationships are often difficult to resolve because phylogenetic signals are obscured by the long history and complexity of evolutionary processes, such as ancient introgression/hybridization, polyploidization, and incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). Phylogenomics has been effective in providing information for resolving both deep- and shallow-scale relationships across all branches of the tree of life. The olive family (Oleaceae) is composed of 25 genera classified into five tribes with tribe Oleeae consisting of four subtribes.

Phylogenomics and biogeography of Catalpa (Bignoniaceae) reveal incomplete lineage sorting and three dispersal events.

Catalpa Scop. (Bignoniaceae) is a small genus (8 spp.) of trees that is disjunctly distributed among eastern Asia, eastern United States, and the West Indies.

Chloroplast phylogenomics and divergence times of Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae).

Background: Crape myrtles, belonging to the genus Lagerstroemia L., have beautiful paniculate inflorescences and are cultivated as important ornamental tree species for landscaping and gardening. However, the phylogenetic relationships within Lagerstroemia have remained unresolved likely caused by limited sampling and the insufficient number of informative sites used in previous studies.

Chloroplast phylogenomic insights into the evolution of Distylium (Hamamelidaceae).

Background: Most Distylium species are endangered. Distylium species mostly display homoplasy in their flowers and fruits, and are classified primarily based on leaf morphology. However, leaf size, shape, and serration vary tremendously making it difficult to use those characters to identify most species and a significant challenge to address the taxonomy of Distylium.

Interspecific chloroplast genome sequence diversity and genomic resources in Diospyros.

Background: Fruits of persimmon plants are traditional healthy food in China, Korea and Japan. However, due to the shortage of morphological and DNA markers, the development of persimmon industry has been heavily inhibited.

Results: Chloroplast genomes of Diospyros cathayensis, D.

Phylogenetic Resolution in Based on Complete Chloroplast Genomes and Nuclear DNA Sequences.

Walnuts ( of the Juglandaceae) are well-known economically important resource plants for the edible nuts, high-quality wood, and medicinal use, with a distribution from tropical to temperate zones and from Asia to Europe and Americas. There are about 21 species in . Classification of at section level is problematic, because the phylogenetic position of is disputable.

Comparative Analysis of Six Complete Chloroplast Genomes.

Crape myrtles are economically important ornamental trees of the genus . (Lythraceae), with a distribution from tropical to northern temperate zones. They are positioned phylogenetically to a large subclade of rosids (in the eudicots) which contain more than 25% of all the angiosperms.

Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome sequences in psammophytic species (Amaranthaceae).

The genus belongs to the Amaranthaceae (formerly Chenopodiaceae) family. The small trees or shrubs in this genus are referred to as the King of psammophytic plants, and perform important functions in environmental protection, including wind control and sand fixation in deserts. To better understand these beneficial plants, we sequenced the chloroplast (cp) genomes of (HA) and (HP) and conducted comparative genomic analyses on these and two other representative Amaranthaceae species.

A new nuclear DNA marker from ubiquitin ligase gene region for genetic diversity detection of walnut germplasm resources.

Development of more sensitive nuclear DNA markers for identification of species, particularly closely allied taxa has been a challenging task that has attracted interest from scientists in fields of biotechnological development and genetic diversity detection. In this study, the sequence of the ubiquitin ligase gene () region of nuclear DNA was tested for applicability and efficacy in revealing genetic diversity of walnut resources, with an emphasis on inter- and intra-specific levels. Analysis on genetic relationship among the taxa was conducted with the neighbor-joining (NJ) method.

Revealing genetic diversity of tree peonies at micro-evolution level with hyper-variable chloroplast markers and floral traits.

Highly variable regions of chloroplast genome were found to be useful in the detection of plant genetic diversity at micro-evolution level. Our methodology will improve understanding and conservation of plant diversity. Tree peonies are famous flowers with about 2,000 cultivars in the world, belonging to Paeonia sect.