Using expression quantitative trait loci data and graph-embedded neural networks to uncover genotype-phenotype interactions.

A central goal of current biology is to establish a complete functional link between the genotype and phenotype, known as the so-called genotypephenotype map. With the continuous development of high-throughput technology and the decline in sequencing costs, multi-omics analysis has become more widely employed. While this gives us new opportunities to uncover the correlation mechanisms between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), genes, and phenotypes, multi-omics still faces certain challenges, specifically: 1) When the sample size is large enough, the number of omics types is often not large enough to meet the requirements of multi-omics analysis; 2) each omics' internal correlations are often unclear, such as the correlation between genes in genomics; 3) when analyzing a large number of traits (), the sample size () is often smaller than , hindering the application of machine learning methods in the classification of disease outcomes.

Dietary Restriction and Rapamycin Affect Brain Aging in Mice by Attenuating Age-Related DNA Methylation Changes.

The fact that dietary restriction (DR) and long-term rapamycin treatment (RALL) can ameliorate the aging process has been reported by many researchers. As the interface between external and genetic factors, epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation may have latent effects on the aging rate at the molecular level. To understand the mechanism behind the impacts of dietary restriction and rapamycin on aging, DNA methylation and gene expression changes were measured in the hippocampi of different-aged mice.

One-step self-assembled synthesis of CuO with tunable hierarchical structures and their electrocatalytic properties for nitrite oxidation in aqueous media.

Controlled synthesis of CuO with various hierarchical structures consisting of self-organized nanoparticles is realized by using n-octylamine (OLA) as a structure inducing agent via a facile hydrothermal synthetic method. The growth and assemblage of CuO can be finely tuned by selecting the preparative parameters. In particular, it is found that the degree of the hierarchical organization can be modulated by simply changing the amount of the n-octylamine and CuO nanoparticles exhibit self-assembled two-dimensional (2D) sheet-like, three-dimensional (3D) disk-like and bowknot-like architectures, respectively.

Densely stacked multilamellar and oligovesicular vesicles, bilayer cylinders, and tubes joining with vesicles of a salt-free catanionic extractant and surfactant system.

In the phase diagram of an excellent extractant of rare earth metal ions, di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (HDEHP, commercial name P204), mixing with a cationic trimethyltetradecylammonium hydroxide (TTAOH) in water, a birefringent Lalpha phase was found, which consists of densely stacked multilamellar vesicles. The densely stacked multilamellar vesicles are remarkably deformed, as observed by means of cryotransmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Further, self-assembled structures-oligovesicular vesicles, bilayer cylinders, and tubes joining with vesicles-were also observed.

One-step preparation of single-crystalline beta-MnO2 nanotubes.

Single-crystal beta-MnO(2) nanotubes with diameters in the range 200-500 nm and lengths up to several micrometers were successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal method through oxidizing MnSO(4) with NaClO(3) in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). It was found that the formation process of beta-MnO(2) nanotubes included two primary evolution stages over time: (1) the MnOOH nanoparticles initially formed in the hydrothermal system and anisotropic growth to nanorods and nanorod aggregates, and (2) the MnOOH nanorods transformed into beta-MnO(2) tubular structure and grown into beta-MnO(2) nanotubes due to continuous growth through a dissolution-recrystallization process eventually. Based on a series of experimental analysis, the formation mechanism of these nanostructures was discussed briefly.

Microemulsion-based synthesis of titanium phosphate nanotubes via amine extraction system.

The first titanium phosphate nanotubes with alternating interlayer spacings have been successfully prepared and characterized. The synthesis is accomplished in a reverse microemulsion formed in an amine extraction system. TEM data from samples made after different times of reaction suggest a scrolling-formation mechanism.

A method for the synthesis of spherical copper nanoparticles in the organic phase.

In this paper, stable metallic copper nanoparticles protected by bis(ethylhexyl)hydrogen phosphate (HDEHP) were prepared in the organic phase. In the synthesis of copper nanoparticles, the bis(ethylhexyl)hydrogen phosphate (HDEHP) acted as both a phase-transfer agent and a particle protector. It was also found that the protective ability of HDEHP was different with different diluent polarities.