Exposure to perchlorate and cardiovascular disease in China: A community-based cross-sectional study and benchmark dose estimation.

The association between exposure to perchlorate, which inhibits thyroidal iodine uptake, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear in China. Moreover, the point of departure (POD) for perchlorate based on observed adverse health effect in Chinese populations remains absent. A total of 2355 adults (mean age 50.

Urinary Equol and Equol-Predicting Microbial Genera Are Favorably Associated with Body Fat Measures among Chinese Adults.

Background: Many studies have investigated the intake of dietary isoflavones in relation to obesity risk, whereas the association using objective biomarkers of isoflavones, particularly equol (a gut-derived metabolite of daidzein with greater bioavailability than other isoflavones) has been less studied. In addition, the associations between equol and gut microbiota profile at the population level remain to be fully characterized.

Objectives: We aimed to identify equol-predicting microbial species and to investigate the associations of equol-predicting microbial species and urinary excretion of isoflavones including glycitein, genistein, daidzein, and equol with diverse obesity markers in free living-individuals.

Secular Trends in Adherence to Healthy Behaviors Among US Adults with Diabetes, 1999-2018.

Adherence to healthy lifestyle is essential for diabetes management in light of the plateaued metabolic control, diversifying causes of death, and continued excess mortality among people with diabetes (PWD). This study aims to assess the secular trend of adherence to healthy behaviors among PWD in NHANES, a nationally representative survey of Americans using a stratified, multistage probability design in 2-year cycles since 1999. Adherence to healthy lifestyle was estimated using never smoking, moderate drinking, adequate physical activity, and healthy diet, and the score ranged 0-4.

Genetic association of inflammatory marker GlycA with lung function and respiratory diseases.

Association of circulating glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), a systemic inflammation biomarker, with lung function and respiratory diseases remain to be investigated. We examined the genetic correlation, shared genetics, and potential causality of GlycA (N = 115,078) with lung function and respiratory diseases (N = 497,000). GlycA showed significant genetic correlation with FEV1 (r = -0.

Peripheral amyloid-β clearance mediates cognitive impairment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, as an important pathology of cognitive impairment, can be caused by impaired Aβ clearance in the periphery. The liver is the primary organ for peripheral Aβ clearance, but the role of peripheral Aβ clearance in NAFLD-induced cognitive impairment remains unclear.

Associations of Lower-Carbohydrate and Lower-Fat Diets with Mortality among People with Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Although low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets have been shown to have short-term metabolic benefits, the associations of these dietary patterns, particularly different food sources and macronutrient quality, with mortality in people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unclear.

Objectives: To examine the associations of different types of lower-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and lower-fat diets (LFDs) with mortality in individuals with CVD.

Methods: This study included 3971 adults with CVD from the NHANES 1999-2014.

Dose-Response Meta-Analysis on Risk of Diabetes in Relation to Red and Processed Meat Consumption - Asian Populations, 2006-2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Red and processed meat consumption has been positively related to an increased risk of diabetes in Western populations. However, the results remain inconclusive within Asian populations.

What Is Added By This Report?: This dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies conducted in East Asian populations reveals a positive relation between the consumption of processed meat and increased risk of diabetes.

Genome-Wide Assessment of Shared Genetic Architecture Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases.

Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a 2- to 10-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the biological mechanisms and existence of causality underlying such associations remain to be investigated. We aimed to investigate the genetic associations and underlying mechanisms between RA and CVD by leveraging large-scale genomic data and genetic cross-trait analytic approaches.

Methods And Results: Within UK Biobank data, we examined the genetic correlation, shared genetics, and potential causality between RA (N=6754, N=452 384) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD, N=44 238, N=414 900) using linkage disequilibrium score regression, cross-trait meta-analysis, and Mendelian randomization.

Effect of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Synbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in healthy individuals. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 106 healthy adults.

The role of peripheral β-amyloid in insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and prediabetes: and population-based studies.

Background: Previous experimental studies have shown that mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein, in which β-amyloid (Aβ) is overproduced, exhibit peripheral insulin resistance, pancreatic impairment, and hyperglycemia. We aimed to explore the effects of Aβ on insulin action and insulin secretion and the association of plasma Aβ with prediabetes in human.

Methods: We examined the effects of Aβ40 and Aβ42 on insulin-inhibited glucose production in HepG2 cells, insulin-promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes, and insulin secretion in INS-1 cells.

Associations of lipoprotein subclasses with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

Aim: Although lipoproteins are well-established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, conventional measurements failed to identify lipoprotein particle sizes. This study aimed to investigate associations of lipoprotein subclasses categorized by particle sizes with risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This study included 6575 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank.

Blood trihalomethane concentrations and allergic sensitization: A nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Exposure to disinfection by-products has been associated with several allergic diseases, but its association with allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies remains inconclusive.

Methods: We included 932 U.S.

Healthy Eating Patterns and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality.

Importance: The current Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend multiple healthy eating patterns. However, few studies have examined the associations of adherence to different dietary patterns with long-term risk of total and cause-specific mortality.

Objective: To examine the associations of dietary scores for 4 healthy eating patterns with risk of total and cause-specific mortality.

Associations of healthy dietary patterns with mortality among people with prediabetes.

Purpose: To examine the associations of healthy dietary patterns with cardiometabolic biomarkers and all-cause mortality among individuals with prediabetes.

Methods: This cohort study included 8363 adults with prediabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014. Healthy dietary patterns including Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (AMED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score (DASH), and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) were calculated based on 24-h dietary recall data.

Evaluation of Sleep Habits and Disturbances Among US Adults, 2017-2020.

Importance: Unhealthy sleep behaviors and sleep disturbances are associated with higher risk of multiple diseases and mortality. The current profiles of sleep habits and disturbances, particularly the differences between workdays and free days, are unknown in the contemporary US.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate sleep habits on workdays and free days and the prevalence of sleep disturbances among US adults.

Vitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Risk of Microvascular Complications Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study.

Objective: Evidence is limited regarding the associations between vitamin D status and microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), among whom vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is particularly common. In this study we aimed to prospectively investigate the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with risk of diabetic microvascular complications.

Research Design And Methods: This analysis included 14,709 participants with T2D who were free of microvascular complications from the UK Biobank.

Plasma Transthyretin Levels and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Regulation in a Chinese Population.

Plasma transthyretin may be engaged in glucose regulation. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma transthyretin levels and the risk of newly diagnosed T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a Chinese population. We conducted a case-control study including 1244 newly diagnosed T2DM patients, 837 newly diagnosed IGR patients, and 1244 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) matched by sex and age.

Associations of birth weight and later life lifestyle factors with risk of cardiovascular disease in the USA: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Low birth weight has been associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the interaction between low birth weight and adult lifestyle factors on the risk of CVD remains unclear.

Methods: We included 20,169 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, 1986-2016), 52,380 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1980-2018), and 85,350 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II, 1991-2017) in the USA who reported birth weight and updated data on adult body weight, smoking status, physical activity, and diet every 2-4 years.

Higher Levels of Urinary Thiocyanate, a Biomarker of Cruciferous Vegetable Intake, Were Associated With Lower Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality Among Non-smoking Subjects.

Background: Epidemiologic studies on cruciferous vegetable (CV) intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were inconclusive.

Objective: To investigate the associations of urinary thiocyanate, a biomarker of CV intake, with CVD and all-cause mortality among non-smoking adults.

Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised 10,489 non-smoking adults (weighted mean age, 46.

Vitamin D status, genetic factors, and risks of cardiovascular disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective study.

Background: The presence of a threshold effect has been proposed, suggesting that beneficial effects from vitamin D supplementation may only be present when the vitamin D concentration is below a particular threshold.

Objectives: We investigated the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and genetic factors with risks of total and subtypes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), among whom vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is particularly common.

Methods: This prospective study included 15,103 individuals with T2D who were initially free of CVD and had serum 25(OH)D measurements in the UK Biobank.

Associations of Serum Carotenoids With Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From NHANES.

Objective: Although carotenoids have been suggested to exhibit antioxidant properties, some experimental studies reported that β-carotene may show pro-oxidant effects under certain conditions. Current evidence regarding the cardiovascular effects of carotenoids among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is scarce. This study aimed to prospectively examine the associations of individual serum carotenoid concentrations with cardiovascular mortality among adults with T2D.

Associations of urinary perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate with central sensitivity to thyroid hormones: A US population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate are three well-known sodium iodine symporter inhibitors, however, associations of their individual and concurrent exposure with central thyroid hormones sensitivity remain unclear.

Objectives: To investigate the associations of urinary perchlorate, nitrate, thiocyanate, and their co-occurrence with central thyroid hormones sensitivity among US general adults.

Methods: A total of 7598 non-pregnant adults (weighted mean age 45.

DHPPA, a major plasma alkylresorcinol metabolite reflecting whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and risk of metabolic syndrome: a case-control study.

Purpose: Whole-grain intake assessed through self-reported methods has been suggested to be inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in epidemiological studies. However, few studies have evaluated the association between whole-grain intake and MetS risk using objective biomarkers of whole-grain intake. The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma 3-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and MetS risk in a Chinese population.