In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a high rate-distance product visible light communication (VLC) system based on nonlinearity-adaptive hybrid probabilistic-geometric constellation shaping (NA-HCS) for multi-kilometer free space transmission. A pairwise optimization algorithm is employed within the probabilistic shaping (PS) to achieve NA-HCS for constellation according to the pre-estimated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the long-distance nonlinear channel, which proves its efficacy in channel capacity optimization. Using a modified physical free space optical communication equivalent link, the QAM based on NA-HCS technology can flexibly control the net data rate (NDR) to accommodate different intensities of nonlinear impairment within 1 km transmission channel, consistently outperforming PS-APSK and PS-QAM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the advent of the sixth-generation mobile communication standard (6 G), the visible light communication (VLC) technology based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology can effectively solve the problem of shortage of spectrum resources and insufficient channel capacity. This paper introduces one of our technical achievements, namely the construction of a near-real-time visible light laser communication (VLLC) system based on WDM, which includes a self-designed 10-λ fully-packaged visible light laser emission module, 1 m multimode fiber - 0.175 m free space - 1 m multimode fiber optical transmission link, and receiver array.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this paper, we introduce an innovative post-equalization technique leveraging bidirectional reservoir computing (BiRC), and apply it to waveform-to-symbol level equalization for visible light laser communication for the first time. This strategy is more resistant to nonlinearities compared to traditional equalizers like least mean square (LMS) equalizer, while requiring less training time and fewer parameters than neural network (NN) -based equalizers. Through this approach, we successfully conduct a 100-meter transmission of a 32-amplitude phase shift keying (32APSK) signal using a green laser operating at a wavelength of 520 nm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis experimental study explored the multigenerational and transgenerational effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure during pregnancy on the testicular tissue and spermatogenesis of male offspring rats. CdCl at different doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg/day) were dispensed to pregnant SD rats, thus producing generation F1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis Letter proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach utilizing a delta-sigma modulation (DSM)-based 1-bit autoencoder (AE) for efficient encoding and decoding in various channel conditions. Simulation analysis demonstrates the AE's ability to mitigate noise by reducing a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and enhancing an in-band power of the signals, particularly under low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The AE-DSM achieves theoretical transmission performance even at SNRs below 6 dB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Brief: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) during pregnancy can potentially harm the reproductive system of male offspring. This article shows that pregnant woman should be protected from cadmium exposure.
Abstract: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) during pregnancy can potentially harm the reproductive system of male offspring, although the full extent of its heritable effects remains partially unresolved.
Understanding maternal immune tolerance is crucial for the development of therapeutics for immunological pregnancy complications. Decidual regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in the maintenance of maternal immune tolerance. Using a murine allogeneic pregnancy model in the current study, we identified the up-regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) in decidual T cell subsets including CD4 conventional T cells, CD8 T cells, and CD4Foxp3 Tregs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Leydig cell tumor, derived from interstitial cells, is a rare neoplasm. In most cases, Leydig cell tumors are benign, however, if the tumor is malignant, no effective treatments are currently available. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of icariin on the growth of the mouse Leydig tumor cell line MLTC-1 and to examine its underlying mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProliferin-related protein (PRP) was originally identified as an angiogenesis inhibitor in mouse placentas. Indeed, the tissue expression of PRP has mainly been documented in placentas. We report herein for the first time that PRP is expressed in male rat testes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous arginine analogue, inhibits nitric oxide synthases and plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction.
Objective: In the present study, we tested whether a novel genetic variant in dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), an important ADMA hydrolyzing gene, was associated with stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
Methods And Results: By resequencing, we identified a novel 4-nucleotide deletion/insertion variant in the DDAH1 promoter.