Comparison of sterile normal saline and 1% povidone-iodine for vaginal preparation in vesicovaginal fistula: a randomised trial.

Background: Vaginal preparation before transvaginal gynecological surgeries improves the success rate. However, there is no consensus on which agent is superior for transvaginal repair of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF). We aimed to compare irritation symptoms and antimicrobial function between sterile normal saline (SS) and 1% povidone-iodine (PI) for vaginal preparation in surgical repair of VVF.

Correlation analysis of preoperative renal insufficiency with major complications in patients who received a radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection: results of a retrospective observational analysis from a single center.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the factors affecting the major complications and the impacts of preoperative renal function on the incidence of complications in radical cystectomy procedures.

Methods: A retrospective review of 705 patients who received radical cystectomy between 2006 and 2021 was conducted. The 90-day complications of patients after a radical cystectomy were reported and the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) was used for grading complications.

VHL mutation drives human clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression through PI3K/AKT-dependent cholesteryl ester accumulation.

Background: Cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) is an essential signature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but its molecular mechanism and pathological significance remain elusive.

Methods: Enabled by the label-free Raman spectromicroscopy, which integrated stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with confocal Raman spectroscopy on the same platform, we quantitatively analyzed LD distribution and composition at the single cell level in intact ccRCC cell and tissue specimens in situ without any processing or exogenous labeling. Since we found that commonly used ccRCC cell lines actually did not show the CE-rich signature, primary cancer cells were isolated from human tissues to retain the lipid signature of ccRCC with CE level as high as the original tissue, which offers a preferable cell model for the study of cholesterol metabolism in ccRCC.

Parastomal Hernia Following Ileal Conduit: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Health-Related Quality of Life.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the incidence of parastomal hernia (PH) after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit. Secondary aims were the identification of risk factors for PH and to compare the health-related quality of life (QOL) between patients with and without PH.

Design: Retrospective review of medical records combined with cross-sectional administration of the QOL instrument and telephone follow-up.

The comprehensive complication index is more sensitive than the Clavien-Dindo classification for grading complications in elderly patients after radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection: Implementing the European Association of Urology guideline.

Objectives: Lack of assessment of 90-d perioperative morbidity in elderly patients after radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) using a standard reporting methodology, and the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) does not accurately reflect the burden of complications. We aim to report the 90-d complications of elderly patients after radical cystectomy, and to compare the validity of the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) and CDC.

Methods: Retrospective review of 280 patients aged ≥75 years who received radical cystectomy between 2006 and 2021.

Grb2 interacts with necrosome components and is involved in rasfonin-induced necroptosis.

The underlying mechanism by which growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) regulates necroptosis remains unexplored. In the present study, we found that rasfonin, a fungal natural product and an activator of necroptosis, enhanced Grb2 binding to receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIP1), which plays a critical role in regulating programmed necrosis. Moreover, we observed that SQSTM/p62 (p62), a protein that can form necrosomes with RIP1, increased its interaction with Grb2 upon rasfonin challenge.

Comparative Study of Perioperative and Oncological Outcomes Between Elderly Patients and Younger Patients Who Received Radical Cystectomy and Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To compare the perioperative and survival outcomes of patients over 75 years and younger patients who received radical cystectomy.

Patients And Methods: A total of 119 patients aged ≥75 years and 488 patients aged <75 years were enrolled. All patients underwent radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection.

Laparoscopic versus open radical cystectomy in 607 patients with bladder cancer: Comparative survival analysis.

Objectives: To compare perioperative and oncologic survival outcomes between laparoscopic radical cystectomy and open radical cystectomy.

Methods: A total of 607 patients underwent open radical cystectomy (n = 412) or laparoscopic radical cystectomy (n = 195) at a single academic institution from January 2006 to April 2017. Their medical records were retrospectively analyzed.

SQSTM1/p62 loss reverses the inhibitory effect of sunitinib on autophagy independent of AMPK signaling.

Sunitinib (ST), a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of renal carcinoma. It has been reported that ST is involved in the mediation of autophagy; however, its regulatory role in the autophagic process remains controversial. Furthermore, the mechanism by which activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) negatively regulates autophagy remains nearly unexplored.

Is hysterectomy beneficial in radical cystectomy for female patient with urothelial carcinoma of bladder? A retrospective analysis of consecutive 112 cases from a single institution.

Background: There is no criterion for determining whether female patients operated with cystectomy would benefit from hysterectomy. This study compares the oncological outcomes between female patients receiving uterus preserving cystectomy (UPC) and uterus excision cystectomy (UEC).

Methods: Retrospective review of 121 female patients with urothelial carcinoma of bladder undergoing UPC (n = 63) or UEC (n = 49) at a single institute between January 2006 and April 2017.

Somatic mutations in renal cell carcinomas from Chinese patients revealed by whole exome sequencing.

Background: While the somatic mutation profiles of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been revealed by several studies worldwide, the overwhelming majority of those were not derived from Chinese patients. The landscape of somatic alterations in RCC from Chinese patients still needs to be elucidated to determine whether discrepancies exist between Chinese patients and sufferers from other countries and regions.

Methods: We collected specimens from 26 Chinese patients with primary RCC, including 15 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) samples, 5 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) samples and 6 chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) samples.

A novel adaptive ensemble classification framework for ADME prediction.

It has now become clear that prediction of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) characteristics is an important component of the drug discovery process. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in the development of modeling of ADME prediction in recent years. Despite the advances in this field, there remains challenges when facing the unbalanced and high dimensionality problems simultaneously.

Urodynamic characteristics of pelvic lipomatosis with glandular cystitis patients correlate with morphologic alterations of the urinary system and disease severity.

Aims: To explore urodynamic characteristics and their clinical value in pelvic lipomatosis (PL) patients.

Methods: We reviewed the clinical information of 84 PL patients. A voiding pressure-flow study was used to classify patients into nonoutlet obstruction (NOO), latter-half-section obstruction (LHSO), or whole-section bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) groups.

Comparison between completely and traditionally retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial cancer.

Background: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the completely retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy (CRNU), a retrospectively comparative study between completely and traditionally retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy (TRNU) was done in a single center.

Methods: From January 2014 to December 2014, 107 patients with upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) underwent CRNU. The kidney was retroperitoneoscopically dissected and the bladder cuff was cut by endoscopic gastrointestinal automatic stapler, and the specimen was removed from a 6-cm incision by posterior axillary line.

Development of in Silico Models for Predicting P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors Based on a Two-Step Approach for Feature Selection and Its Application to Chinese Herbal Medicine Screening.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is regarded as an important factor in determining the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity) characteristics of drugs and drug candidates. Successful prediction of P-gp inhibitors can thus lead to an improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of both changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs and drug-drug interactions. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in the development of in silico modeling of P-gp inhibitors in recent years.

Inhibition of androgen induces autophagy in benign prostate epithelial cells.

Objective: 5-α Reductase inhibitor can reduce the volume of benign prostatic hyperplasia by lowering benign prostatic hyperplasia level and consequently inducing epithelial cells apoptosis. The present study investigated whether autophagy and apoptosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells are influenced by low benign prostatic hyperplasia levels.

Methods: PWR-1E prostate epithelial cells transfected with GFP-LC3 plasmid were subjected to androgen deprivation conditions.

[Cisplatin enhances apoptosis in bladder cancer cells via autophagy].

Objective: To monitor the cisplatin-induced autophagy and investigate the function of autophagy in bladder cancer cells.

Methods: The transmission electron microscope was used to detect autophagic vacuoles and the fluorescence microscope to detect GFP-LC3. The expressions of proteins, such as LC3, PARP, mTOR, P70S6K were analyzed by immunoblotting.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding.

Measuring diagnostic accuracy of imaging parameters in pelvic lipomatosis.

Objectives: To study whether the individual radiological findings can help predict diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis (PL) or, specifically appreciate its progression.

Methods: Data from 32 clinically proven cases of PL and 25 controls were collected. Two reviewers were recruited for a blinded evaluation, image features were recorded in terms of: (1) bladder shape; (2) bladder-rectosigmoid morphological indexes including ratio of superior-inferior to anterior-posterior length of bladder (SI/AP), angle between anterior and posterior wall (AAP), relative length of posterior urethra (rLPU), angle between bladder and seminal vesicle (ABS) and rectosigmoid morphological index (RMI); (3) secondary complications.

[Clinical significance of radical cystectomy with extended lymphadenectomy].

Objective: To evaluate the prognosis of patients treated with radical cystectomy and extended lymphadenectomy for invasive bladder cancer and to describe the association of the primary bladder tumor grade, stage, lymph node status and lymph node density with clinical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was done of 32 consecutive cases with bladder cancer who received radical cystectomy and extended lymph node dissection from January 2006 to December 2010 in the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital. All the patients were scheduled for the follow-up.

[Risk factor analysis of post-operative complications in radical cystectomy for bladder transitional cell cancer: retrospective assessment from 208 consecutive cases].

Objective: To describe early complications (within 90 days) after radical cystectomy and to analyze the associated specific risk factors.

Methods: The clinical data from 208 consecutive cases of muscle invasive bladder cancer were collected and reviewed. Potential variables predictive of early morbidity were retrospectively analyzed.

[Viviperception on renal vessel variation by retroperitoneal laparoscopy a report of 525 cases].

Objective: To study the variation of renal vessels with retroperitoneal laparoscopy so as to increase the safety of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgeries.

Methods: A total of 525 patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy at our hospital between January 2004 and June 2008. There were 316 males and 209 females with a mean age of (58 ± 13) years old.

[Nanometer silver dressing alleviates pain after circumcision].

Objective: Postoperative pain is a common problem in male circumcision. We investigated the effect of nanometer silver dressing (Shenzhen AGT Pharm. Co.

PARP and RIP 1 are required for autophagy induced by 11'-deoxyverticillin A, which precedes caspase-dependent apoptosis.

The epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are fungal secondary metabolites proven to trigger both apoptotic and necrotic cell death of tumor cells. However, the underlying mechanism of their regulatory role in macroautophagy and the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis initiated by the ETPs, remain unexplored. In the current work, we found that 11'-deoxyverticillin A (C42), a member of the ETPs, induces autophagosome formation, accumulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II ) and degradation of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62).