Bufotalin attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with no cure. Bufotalin (BT), an active component extracted from Venenum Bufonis, has been prescribed as a treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases. However, whether BT has antifibrotic properties has never been investigated.

ATR-binding lncRNA ScaRNA2 promotes cancer resistance through facilitating efficient DNA end resection during homologous recombination repair.

Background: Our previous study first showed that ATR-binding long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is necessary for ATR function and promotes cancer resistance. However, the specific lncRNAs instrumental in ATR activation remain largely unclear, which limits our comprehensive understanding of this critical biological process.

Methods: RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) followed by RNA sequencing was employed to identify ATR-binding lncRNAs, which were further validated using RIP-qPCR assays.

Long non-coding RNA PANDAR promoted radiation and cisplatin-induced DNA damage repair through ATR/CHK1 in NSCLC.

Background: DNA-damaging agents, including radiation and platinum-based chemotherapy, are indispensable treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, cancer cells tend to be resistant to both radiation and chemotherapy, thus resulting in treatment failure or recurrence. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PANDAR (promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage-activated RNA) on NSCLC sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy.

TLR4 Agonist MPLA Ameliorates Heavy-Ion Radiation Damage via Regulating DNA Damage Repair and Apoptosis.

Heavy-ion radiation received during radiotherapy as well as the heavy-ion radiation received during space flight are equally considered harmful. Our previous study showed that TLR4 low toxic agonist, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), alleviated radiation injury resulting from exposure to low-LET radiation. However, the role and mechanism of MPLA in heavy-ion-radiation injury are unclear.

Integrated analysis identifies microRNA-188-5p as a suppressor of AKT/mTOR pathway in renal cancer.

Many current microRNA (miRNA) expression datasets for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) often show inconsistent analysis results, so a shift to comprehensive analysis of multiple datasets can effectively accelerate molecular screening for precision medicine and translational medicine research. MicroRNA (miR)-188-5p is a clinically noteworthy miRNA whose aberrant expression was previously observed in a variety of cancers, but its role in RCC is unclear. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of four RCC miRNA expression datasets and validated the results using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and a cohort of collected clinical samples.

LncRNA ANRIL promotes HR repair through regulating PARP1 expression by sponging miR-7-5p in lung cancer.

Background: Radiotherapy is an important treatment for lung cancer, mainly by triggering DNA double-strand breaks to induce cell death. Blocking DNA damage repair can increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Recent studies have identified long noncoding RNAs as key regulators in DNA damage repair.

Intermediate role of gut microbiota in vitamin B nutrition and its influences on human health.

Vitamin B consists of a group of water-soluble micronutrients that are mainly derived from the daily diet. They serve as cofactors, mediating multiple metabolic pathways in humans. As an integrated part of human health, gut microbiota could produce, consume, and even compete for vitamin B with the host.

PRDM15 interacts with DNA-PK-Ku complex to promote radioresistance in rectal cancer by facilitating DNA damage repair.

Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, however, resistance to chemoradiotherapy is one of the main obstacles to improving treatment outcomes. The goal of this study was to explore the role of PRDM15 involved in the radioresistance of colorectal cancer and to clarify the underlying mechanism. In present study, we demonstrated that, after DNA damage, PRDM15 was upregulated and localized to DNA damage sites, co-localizing with γ-H2AX.

The combination of ursolic acid and empagliflozin relieves diabetic nephropathy by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and renal fibrosis.

Studies have shown that ursolic acid (UA) and empagliflozin (EM) exert therapeutic effects in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but both drugs have disadvantages. This study explores the effect of combining these drugs compared to that of either monotherapy. A diabetic rat model was established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) with high-sugar content and administering a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) via intraperitoneal injection.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins play the roles of radioprotection on Normal Lung and radiosensitization on Lung Cancer via differential regulation of the MAPK Signaling Pathway.

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common serious complication and dose-limiting factor caused by radiotherapy for lung cancer. This study was to investigate radioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) on normal lung as well as radiosensitizing effects on lung cancer. , we demonstrated radioprotective effects of GSP on normal alveolar epithelial cells (MLE-12 and BEAS/2B) and radiosensitizing effects on lung cancer cells (LLC and A549).

Hepatoprotective effect of gentiopicroside in combination with leflunomide and/or methotrexate in arthritic rats.

Aims: This study aimed to examine whether gentiopicroside (GPS) could exert hepatoprotective effects on leflunomide (LEF)- and/or methotrexate (MTX)-treated arthritic rats through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways.

Main Methods: We observed the external symptoms of joints, analysed serum indicators, measured haematological parameters and mRNA levels, and performed HE staining.

Key Findings: LEF and/or MTX combined with GPS ameliorated oxidative stress by increasing the mRNA levels of the antioxidant gene Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, and NQO1, increasing the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT), reducing the oxidant substance malondialdehyde (MDA), reducing the inflammatory response by decreasing the mRNA levels of NF-κB, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inhibiting the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and reducing C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as alleviating the external symptoms of arthritis.

Andrographolide ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and histological outcome in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis.

Objectives: As one of the main active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine Andrographis paniculate, andrographolide is used in domestic clinical treatment for respiratory infections and inflammation. This study was designed to investigate the effects of andrographolide as an antioxidant on the level of oxidative stress, neutrophil accumulation and infiltration in joints and synovial tissue of arthritis rats induced by complete freund's adjuvant.

Methods: A rat model of rheumatoid arthritis was induced by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant in the footpad.

In vitro and in vivo assessment of the antibacterial activity of colistin alone and in combination with other antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli.

Objectives: Limited therapeutic options exist for treating severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). In this study, the activity of colistin (COL) as monotherapy and in combination with other antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro was investigated. In addition, the efficacy of intravenous colistimethate sodium (CMS) was evaluated in a murine model of urinary tract infection (UTI) induced by MDR Escherichia coli.

Therapeutic effects of gentiopicroside on adjuvant-induced arthritis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in rats.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of gentiopicroside (GPS) on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. Rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) for 0.1 mL in the right hind paw to induce AA.