Direct observation of strong momentum-dependent electron-phonon coupling in a metal.

Phonon scattering in metals is one of the most fundamental processes in materials science. However, understanding such processes has remained challenging and requires detailed information on interactions between phonons and electrons. We use an ultrafast electron diffuse scattering technique to resolve the nonequilibrium phonon dynamics in femtosecond-laser-excited tungsten in both time and momentum.

Evidence for phonon hardening in laser-excited gold using x-ray diffraction at a hard x-ray free electron laser.

Studies of laser-heated materials on femtosecond timescales have shown that the interatomic potential can be perturbed at sufficiently high laser intensities. For gold, it has been postulated to undergo a strong stiffening leading to an increase of the phonon energies, known as phonon hardening. Despite efforts to investigate this behavior, only measurements at low absorbed energy density have been performed, for which the interpretation of the experimental data remains ambiguous.

Melatonin Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Mitochondrial Degradation in Hepatocytes During Sepsis.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanisms of melatonin in an in vitro model of sepsis-induced hepatocyte injury, specifically focusing on mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Methods: In this study, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated AML12 cells to establish an in vitro model of sepsis-induced hepatocyte injury. The effects of melatonin pretreatment were examined through various analyses, including assessments of oxidative stress, inflammation, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.

Erratum - Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) ameliorates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and improving the mitochondrial function.

This corrects the article published in European Journal of Histochemistry 2022;66:3412. doi: 10.4081/ejh.

Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed subclonal heterogeneity and gene signatures of gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer.

Resistance to gemcitabine is common and critically limits its therapeutic efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We constructed 17 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from PDAC patient samples and identified the most notable responder to gemcitabine by screening the PDX sets . To analyze tumor evolution and microenvironmental changes pre- and post-chemotherapy, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed.

Image-guided Thermal Ablation as a Promising Approach to Both Nontoxic and Toxic Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules.

Rationale And Objectives: Although thermal ablation has been recommended as an alternative therapy option for autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN), current clinical evidence mainly focuses on toxic AFTN. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation (percutaneous radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation) in treating nontoxic and toxic AFTN.

Materials And Methods: AFTN patients who received a single session of thermal ablation with a follow-up period ≥12 months were recruited.

On the adoption of canonical quasi-crystalline laminates to achieve pure negative refraction of elastic waves.

A way to achieve negative refraction of elastic anti-plane shear waves is a transmission across an interface between a homogeneous substrate and a periodic transverse laminate. To achieve negative refraction, the frequency of the source should be lower than the upper limit of the second transition zone (TZ) of the harmonic spectrum of the laminate. An effective way to control the location of TZ is to consider a configuration for the laminate, a concept that originates from the properties of quasi-crystalline sequences among which the Fibonacci one is a particular case.

A new discriminant strategy combined with four TIRADS screening procedures increases ultrasound diagnostic accuracy-focusing on "wrong diagnostic" thyroid nodules.

Objective: To utilize the discrepancies of different TIRADS, including ACR-TIRADS, Kwak-TIRADS, C-TIRADS, and EU-TIRADS, to explore methods for improving ultrasound diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: In total, 795 nodules with cytological or surgical pathology were included. All nodules were screened by the four TIRADS according to their diagnostic concordance (Screening procedures, SP).

Tumor mutation burden-assisted risk stratification for papillary thyroid cancer.

Purpose: Although papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has a low mortality rate, the rate of recurrence remains relatively high. This study aims to develop a molecular signature to predict the recurrence of PTC.

Methods: A total of 333 PTC patients' data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included.

Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) ameliorates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and improving the mitochondrial function.

Mitochondrial dysfunction has a role in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI), so the restoration of normal mitochondrial homeostasis may be an effective treatment strategy. Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a main regulator of cell-redox homeostasis, and recent studies reported that NRF2 activation helped to preserve mitochondrial morphology and function under conditions of stress. However, the role of NRF2 in the process of S-AKI is still not well understood.

Sub-micron thick liquid sheets produced by isotropically etched glass nozzles.

We report on the design and testing of glass nozzles used to produce liquid sheets. The sheet nozzles use a single converging channel chemically etched into glass wafers by standard lithographic methods. Operation in ambient air and vacuum was demonstrated.

Cyanophycin accumulated under nitrogen-fluctuating and high-nitrogen conditions facilitates the persistent dominance and blooms of Raphidiopsis raciborskii in tropical waters.

Nutrient storage is considered a critical strategy for algal species to adapt to a fluctuating nutrient supply. Luxury phosphorus (P) uptake into storage of polyphosphate extends the duration of cyanobacterial dominance and their blooms under P deficiency. However, it is unclear whether nitrogen (N) storage in the form of cyanophycin supports persistent cyanobacterial dominance or blooms in the tropics where N deficiency commonly occurs in summer.

Ultrafast visualization of incipient plasticity in dynamically compressed matter.

Plasticity is ubiquitous and plays a critical role in material deformation and damage; it inherently involves the atomistic length scale and picosecond time scale. A fundamental understanding of the elastic-plastic deformation transition, in particular, incipient plasticity, has been a grand challenge in high-pressure and high-strain-rate environments, impeded largely by experimental limitations on spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we report femtosecond MeV electron diffraction measurements visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) response of single-crystal aluminum to the ultrafast laser-induced compression.

The utility of serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody and thyroglobulin in the preoperative differential diagnosis of thyroid follicular neoplasms.

Purpose: Distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) from follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) before surgery is inherently challenging owing to the lack of malignant features on ultrasound, poor sensitivity of fine-needle biopsy, and the absence of definitive markers. We investigated whether thyroglobulin (Tg), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) can help differentiate FTC from FTA.

Methods: Data pertaining to 319 patients with follicular neoplasms were retrospectively analyzed.

Performance of current ultrasound-based malignancy risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules in patients with follicular neoplasms.

Objectives: To investigate the ability of the currently used ultrasound-based malignancy risk stratification systems for thyroid neoplasms (ATA, AACE/ACE/AME, K-TIRADS, EU-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS and C-TIRADS) in distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) from follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA). Additionally, we evaluated the ability of these systems in correctly determining the indication for biopsy.

Methods: Three hundred twenty-nine follicular neoplasms with definitive postoperative histopathology were included.

Preparation, Structure, and Electrical Properties of Cobalt-Modified Bi(ScIn)O-PbTiO-Pb(MgNb)O High-Temperature Piezoelectric Ceramics.

Cobalt-modified 0.40Bi(ScIn)O-0.58PbTiO-0.

Nutrient Regulation of Relative Dominance of Cylindrospermopsin-Producing and Non-cylindrospermopsin-Producing .

Raphidiopsis raciborskii (previously ) can produce cylindrospermopsin (CYN) which is of great concern due to its considerable toxicity to human and animals. Its CYN-producing (toxic) and non-CYN-producing (non-toxic) strains co-exist commonly in natural water bodies, while how their relative dominance is regulated has not been addressed. In this study, we combined field investigation with laboratory experiments to assessed the relationship between toxic and non-toxic abundances under different nutrient levels.

Twist-Angle-Dependent Ultrafast Charge Transfer in MoS-Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures.

Vertically stacked transition metal dichalcogenide-graphene heterostructures provide a platform for novel optoelectronic applications with high photoresponse speeds. Photoinduced nonequilibrium carrier and lattice dynamics in such heterostructures underlie these applications but have not been understood. In particular, the dependence of these photoresponses on the twist angle, a key tuning parameter, remains elusive.

The Effect of Wnt Family Member 5a Gene Silencing on the Proliferation of Achondroplasia Using a DNAzymes-CoOOH Nanocomposite.

Achondroplasia is a kind of congenital dysplasia due to the defect of endochondral ossification. Achondroplasia is considered to be a protein folding disease leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress may lead to disease by affecting the function and survival state of chondrocytes, but the specific mechanism requires further study.

Direct observation of ultrafast hydrogen bond strengthening in liquid water.

Water is one of the most important, yet least understood, liquids in nature. Many anomalous properties of liquid water originate from its well-connected hydrogen bond network, including unusually efficient vibrational energy redistribution and relaxation. An accurate description of the ultrafast vibrational motion of water molecules is essential for understanding the nature of hydrogen bonds and many solution-phase chemical reactions.

Continuous Renal-Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Children: Practice Changes and Association With Outcome.

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate practice changes and outcomes over a 10-year period in a large single-center PICU cohort that received continuous renal-replacement therapy.

Design: Retrospective study design.

Setting: A multidisciplinary tertiary PICU of a university-affiliated hospital in Guangzhou, China.

Serum soluble PD-1 plays a role in predicting infection complications in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Background: Most of acute pancreatitis (AP) are mild and self-limiting, however, 15%-20% of patients develop severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) or moderately acute pancreatitis (MSAP) with local or systemic complications. Infection complications (ICs) result in 40%-70% morbidity and high mortality rates among SAP and MSAP patients. It is more important to early recognize of ICs of MSAP or SAP.

Structure retrieval in liquid-phase electron scattering.

Electron scattering on liquid samples has been enabled recently by the development of ultrathin liquid sheet technologies. The data treatment of liquid-phase electron scattering has been mostly reliant on methodologies developed for gas electron diffraction, in which theoretical inputs and empirical fittings are often needed to account for the atomic form factor and remove the inelastic scattering background. In this work, we present an alternative data treatment method that is able to retrieve the radial distribution of all the charged particle pairs without the need of either theoretical inputs or empirical fittings.

[Accuracy of two thyroid imaging, reporting and data systems for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules].

Objective: To compare the accuracy of two widely used thyroid imaging, reporting and data systems (TI-RADS), namely ACR TI-RADS and Kwak TI-RADS, in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Methods: We reviewed the data of 350 thyroid nodules with definite diagnoses by surgical histopathology (=144, 41.14%) or fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytopathology (=206, 58.