Variations in the N Fixation and CH Oxidation Activities of Type I Methanotrophs in the Rice Roots in Saline-Alkali Paddy Field Under Nitrogen Fertilization.

The root-associated methanotrophs contribute to N fixation and CH oxidation in paddy fields under N-limited conditions. However, the impact of nitrogen inputs on N₂ fixation and CH₄ oxidation by methanotrophs is largely unknown, especially in saline-alkali paddy fields with higher nitrogen application. This study explored the impact of nitrogen fertilization on N₂ fixation and CH₄ oxidation by root-associated active diazotrophic and methanotrophic communities in a saline-alkali paddy field using N-N and C-CH isotope feeding experiments along with RNA-based sequencing.

Loss of Myostatin leads to low production of CH by altering rumen microbiota and metabolome in cattle.

Myostatin (MSTN) is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal muscle development. Despite the known benefits of MSTN mutant cattle for increasing beef production, their potential impact on CH emissions has not been quantified. The study comparing wild-type (WT) cattle to MSTN-knockout (MSTN-KO) cattle revealed that CH production was lower.

Rhizosphere-Associated Anammox Bacterial Diversity and Abundance of Nitrogen Cycle-Related Functional Genes of Emergent Macrophytes in Eutrophic Wetlands.

Rhizospheric microbial community of emergent macrophytes plays an important role in nitrogen removal, especially in the eutrophic wetlands. The objective of this study was to identify the differences in anammox bacterial community composition among different emergent macrophytes and investigate revealed the the main factors affecting on the composition, diversity, and abundance of anammox bacterial community. Results showed that the composition, diversity, and abundance of the anammox community were significantly different between the vegetated sediments of three emergent macrophytes and unvegetated sediment.

sp. nov., a heavy-metal-tolerant bacterium isolated from garden soil.

A previously undescribed, heavy-metal-tolerant, motile, Gram-negative bacterium, designated strain SK50-23, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SK50-23 was closely related to LMG 26467 and the non-phototrophic '' NS23 (98.1 and 97.

[Characteristics and Dominant Influencing Factors of the Fungal Community Structure in Soils Co-contaminated with Rare Earth Elements and Heavy Metals].

Rare earth elements (REEs) have been listed as emerging pollutants and are often enriched together in soils with heavy metals (HMs), which results in ecological crises. The ecological effects caused by REEs have been attracting increasing amounts of attention, but most studies neglect the synergistic effect of REEs and HMs. The soil fungal community plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem functions, and understanding the fungal community structure and its dominant influencing factors in the co-contaminated soils will help to develop soil remediation strategies that could reduce or remedy the impacts of human production activities on the environment.

sp. nov., isolated from freshwater wetland sediment.

A Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain WST5, isolated from sediment was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain WST5 was most closely related to CJ25 (96.8 % similarity).

Salinity significantly affects methane oxidation and methanotrophic community in Inner Mongolia lake sediments.

Methanotrophs oxidize methane (CH) and greatly help in mitigating greenhouse effect. Increased temperatures due to global climate change can facilitate lake salinization, particularly in the regions with cold semiarid climate. However, the effects of salinity on the CH oxidation activity and diversity and composition of methanotrophic community in the sediment of natural lakes at a regional scale are still unclear.

Methanotrophy Alleviates Nitrogen Constraint of Carbon Turnover by Rice Root-Associated Microbiomes.

The bioavailability of nitrogen constrains primary productivity, and ecosystem stoichiometry implies stimulation of N fixation in association with carbon sequestration in hotspots such as paddy soils. In this study, we show that N fixation was triggered by methane oxidation and the methanotrophs serve as microbial engines driving the turnover of carbon and nitrogen in rice roots. N-stable isotope probing showed that N-fixing activity was stimulated 160-fold by CH oxidation from 0.

Claroideoglomus etunicatum affects the structural and functional genes of the rhizosphere microbial community to help maize resist Cd and La stresses.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant rhizosphere microbes reportedly enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses and promote plant growth in contaminated soils. The co-contamination of soil by heavy metals (e.g.

Methanotrophs Contribute to Nitrogen Fixation in Emergent Macrophytes.

Root-associated aerobic methanotroph plays an important role in reducing methane emissions from wetlands. In this study, we examined the activity of methane-dependent nitrogen fixation and active nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities on the roots of and using a N-N feeding experiment and a cDNA-based clone library sequence of the gene, respectively. A N-N feeding experiment showed that the N fixation rate of (1.

Multiple factors influence bacterial community diversity and composition in soils with rare earth element and heavy metal co-contamination.

The effects of long-term rare earth element (REE) and heavy metal (HM) contamination on soil bacterial communities remains poorly understood. In this study, soil samples co-contaminated with REEs and HMs were collected from a rare-earth tailing dam. The bacterial community composition and diversity were analyzed through Illumina high-throughput sequencing with 16S rRNA gene amplicons.

Exploring Microbial Resource of Different Rhizocompartments of Dominant Plants Along the Salinity Gradient Around the Hypersaline Lake Ejinur.

Lake littoral zones can also be regarded as another extremely hypersaline environment due to hypersaline properties of salt lakes. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technique was used to analyze bacteria and fungi from different rhizocompartments (rhizosphere and endosphere) of four dominant plants along the salinity gradient in the littoral zones of Ejinur Salt Lake. The study found that microbial -diversity did not increase with the decrease of salinity, indicating that salinity was not the main factor on the effect of microbial diversity.

Elevated Atmospheric CO and Nitrogen Fertilization Affect the Abundance and Community Structure of Rice Root-Associated Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria.

Elevated atmospheric CO (eCO) results in plant growth and N limitation, yet how root-associated nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities respond to increasing atmospheric CO and nitrogen fertilization (eN) during the growth stages of rice is unclear. Using the gene as a molecular marker, we studied the combined effect of eCO and eN on the diazotrophic community and abundance at two growth stages in rice (tillering, TI and heading, HI). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that eN had no obvious effect on abundance in rice roots under either ambient CO (aCO) or eCO treatment at the TI stage; in contrast, at the HI, copy numbers were increased under eCO and decreased under aCO.

Evaluation of Microbial Assemblages in Various Saline-Alkaline Soils Driven by Soluble Salt Ion Components.

Land degraded by salinization and alkalization is widely distributed globally and involves a wide range of ecosystem types. However, the knowledge of the indigenous microbial assemblages and their roles in various saline-alkaline soils is limited. This study demonstrated microbial assemblages in various saline-alkaline soils from different regions of Inner Mongolia and revealed the key driving factors to influence microbiome.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter microbiome structure of rhizosphere soil to enhance maize tolerance to La.

Rhizosphere microbes are essential partners for plant stress tolerance. Recent studies indicate that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can facilitate the revegetation of soils contaminated by heavy metals though interacting with rhizosphere microbiome. However, it is unclear how AMF affect rhizosphere microbiome to improve the growth of plant under rare earth elements (REEs) stress.

Pseudomonas pratensis sp. nov., Isolated from Grassland Soil from Inner Mongolia, China.

A novel bacterial strain, designated MHJ-10J, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from a grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. MHJ-10J strain could grow at 4-37 °C (optimum: 30 °C) and pH 4-9 (optimum: pH 6), as well as in the presence of 0-6% NaCl (optimum: 1%). Cells of strain MHJ-10J are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and motile.

Soil fungal networks are more sensitive to grazing exclusion than bacterial networks.

Soil microbial communities play a crucial role in ecological restoration, but it is unknown how co-occurrence networks within these communities respond to grazing exclusion. This lack of information was addressed by investigating the effects of eight years of grazing exclusion on microbial networks in an area of P. Smirn desert steppe in northern China.

Diversity of active root-associated methanotrophs of three emergent plants in a eutrophic wetland in northern China.

Root-associated aerobic methanotrophs play an important role in regulating methane emissions from the wetlands. However, the influences of the plant genotype on root-associated methanotrophic structures, especially on active flora, remain poorly understood. Transcription of the pmoA gene, encoding particulate methane monooxygenase in methanotrophs, was analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) of mRNA isolated from root samples of three emergent macrophytes, including Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, and Schoenoplectus triqueter (syn.

Enrichment of Type I Methanotrophs with nirS Genes of Three Emergent Macrophytes in a Eutrophic Wetland in China.

The pmoA gene, encoding particulate methane monooxygenase in methanotrophs, and nirS and nirK genes, encoding bacterial nitrite reductases, were examined in the root and rhizosphere sediment of three common emergent macrophytes (Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, and Scirpus triqueter) and unvegetated sediment from eutrophic Wuliangsuhai Lake in China. Sequencing analyses indicated that 334 out of 351 cloned pmoA sequences were phylogenetically the most closely related to type I methanotrophs (Gammaproteobacteria), and Methylomonas denitrificans-like organisms accounted for 44.4% of the total community.

Molecular Analyses of the Distribution and Function of Diazotrophic Rhizobia and Methanotrophs in the Tissues and Rhizosphere of Non-Leguminous Plants.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by plants and its bacterial associations represent an important natural system for capturing atmospheric dinitrogen (N) and processing it into a reactive form of nitrogen through enzymatic reduction. The study of BNF in non-leguminous plants has been difficult compared to nodule-localized BNF in leguminous plants because of the diverse sites of N fixation in non-leguminous plants. Identification of the involved N-fixing bacteria has also been difficult because the major nitrogen fixers were often lost during isolation attempts.

Intrathecal circHIPK3 shRNA alleviates neuropathic pain in diabetic rats.

Neuropathic pain is one of the most common diabetic complications and significantly decrease the quality of life. The aetiology of the painful diabetic neuropathic pain is not fully clear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as miRNA sponges and involved in various biological processes, including pain.

Differential surface plasmon polaritons transmission line with controllable common mode rejection.

In this paper, a spoof surface plasmon polarions (SPPs) transmission line is designed by patterning thin metal film in open-cross shape arranged in array. Numerical simulations show the proposed open-cross array can support spoof SPPs with enlarged propagation constant and hence enhanced confinement at metal/dielectric interface as compared to the reported ultra-thin plasmonic waveguide with the rectangular groove or solid-cross. Furthermore, a differential transmission line pair is built with such two close plasmonic arrays.

Draft Genome Sequence of Methylosinus sp. Strain 3S-1, an Isolate from Rice Root in a Low-Nitrogen Paddy Field.

N2-fixing methanotrophs play an important role in the methane-nitrogen cycle in rice paddies. We report here the draft genome sequence of Methylosinus sp. strain 3S-1 isolated from rice root in a paddy field without N fertilizer input.

Are Symbiotic Methanotrophs Key Microbes for N Acquisition in Paddy Rice Root?

The relationships between biogeochemical processes and microbial functions in rice (Oryza sativa) paddies have been the focus of a large number of studies. A mechanistic understanding of methane-nitrogen (CH4-N) cycle interactions is a key unresolved issue in research on rice paddies. This minireview is an opinion paper for highlighting the mechanisms underlying the interactions between biogeochemical processes and plant-associated microbes based on recent metagenomic, metaproteomic, and isotope analyses.