[Modified Latarjet splitting subscapularis muscle under arthroscopy: an anatomical study based on axillary nerve, glenoid, and subscapularis muscle].

Objective: To testify the spatial relationship between the subscapularis muscle splitting window and the axillary nerve in modified arthroscopic Latarjet procedure, which could provide anatomical basis for the modification of the subscapularis muscle splitting.

Methods: A total of 29 adult cadaveric shoulder specimens were dissected layer by layer, and the axillary nerve was finally confirmed to walk on the front surface of the subscapularis muscle. Keeping the shoulder joint in a neutral position, the Kirschner wire was passed through the subscapularis muscle from back to front at the 4 : 00 position of the right glenoid circle (7 : 00 position of the left glenoid circle), and the anterior exit point (point A, the point of splitting subscapularis muscle during Latarjet procedure) was recorded.

[Radiographic study of effect of lateral placement of bone graft on shoulder joint degeneration after modified arthroscopic Latarjet surgery with elastic fixation].

Objective: To investigate the mid-term effect of lateral placement of bone graft on shoulder joint degeneration after modified arthroscopic Latarjet surgery with elastic fixation for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with an anterior glenoid bone defect.

Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation and anterior glenoid bone defect who received the modified arthroscopic Latarjet surgery with elastic fixation between January 2015 and November 2016 were enrolled in this study. There were 12 males and 6 females with an average age of 26.

Interbundle Impingement Pressure in Individualized and Nonindividualized Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cadaveric Study.

Background: Graft impingement is one of the main concerns in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (DB-ACLR). Impingement between the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles has been postulated to cause graft deterioration or rerupture, but this has not been thoroughly investigated, and the interbundle impingement pressure (IIP) has not been well researched.

Purpose: To determine the IIP between the AM and PL bundles in the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and in DB-ACLR with individualized and nonindividualized double-tunnel placement.

[Biomechanical comparative analysis of screw fixation and cortical endo-button fixation in Latarjet procedure for anterior dislocation of shoulder joint].

Objective: To clarify the value of the cortical endo-button as an internal fixator in Latarjet procedure through biomechanical analysis.

Methods: Ten pairs of shoulder joints from 6-7 months old male pigs were selected. Each pair was randomly divided into screw group and endo-button group.

[A correlation study between the Mohawk expression level and the collagen fiber diameter of hamstring tendon graft after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction].

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the Mohawk (MKX) expression level and the collagen fiber diameter of autologous hamstring tendon graft during the stable graft remodeling phase after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods: Between January 2018 and August 2018, patients who underwent arth-roscopic single-bundle anatomical ACL reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendons for at least 48 months and also underwent second-look arthroscopy were enrolled in study. During the second-look arthroscopic procedures, ACL graft biopsies were performed from the surface of central part of the ligament.

[Research progress of surgical treatment for anterior shoulder dislocation and combined injuries].

Objective: To summarize the research progress of surgical treatment for anterior shoulder dislocation and combined injuries.

Methods: The related literature was reviewed, and the surgical treatment options for the anterior shoulder dislocation and its combined injuries were summarized.

Results: Anterior shoulder dislocation can combine with anteroinferior capsular ligament complex injury (Bankart injury), bony Bankart defect, and Hill-Sachs lesion.

[Histological properties of autogenous hamstring grafts after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction].

Objective: To investigate the histological characteristics of autogenous hamstring grafts after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods: The patients who underwent arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with autogenous hamstring tendons and were followed up at least 4 years and also underwent second-look arthroscopy between March 2017 and December 2017 and met the selection criteria were considered for enrollment. Graft quality under arthroscopy was evaluated as good remodeling group (GRG, the total scores were 4-6) and poor remodeling group (PRG, the total scores were 1-3) according to synovial and vascular coverage, the apparent tension of the grafts, the thickness and retear of the grafts.