Numerical Investigation of the Performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer under Various Outlet Manifold Structure Conditions.

The oxygen discharge process significantly affects the electrochemical performance of a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE), which requires an optimal structure of the flow field implemented in the bipolar plate (BP) component. In this study, we numerically investigated the two-phase (liquid water and oxygen) flow in the PEMWE's channel region with different outlet manifold structures utilizing the volume of fluid (VOF) model. Then, the oxygen volume fraction at the liquid/gas diffusion layer (L/GDL) surface, i.

A submicron forest-like silicon surface promotes bone regeneration by regulating macrophage polarization.

Silicon is a major trace element in humans and a prospective supporting biomaterial to bone regeneration. Submicron silicon pillars, as a representative surface topography of silicon-based biomaterials, can regulate macrophage and osteoblastic cell responses. However, the design of submicron silicon pillars for promoting bone regeneration still needs to be optimized.

Retarding anion migration for alleviating concentration polarization towards stable polymer lithium-metal batteries.

Traditional dual-ion lithium salts have been widely used in solid polymer lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Nevertheless, concentration polarization caused by uncontrolled migration of free anions has severely caused the growth of lithium dendrites. Although single-ion conductor polymers (SICP) have been developed to reduce concentration polarization, the poor ionic conductivity caused by low carrier concentration limits their application.

Numerical Simulation Technologies in Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation Processes.

Solar interfacial evaporation technology has the advantages of environmentally conscious and sustainable benefits. Recent research on light absorption, water transportation, and thermal management has improved the evaporation performance of solar interfacial evaporators. However, many studies on photothermal materials and structures only aim to improve performance, neglecting explanations for heat and mass transfer coupling or providing evidence for performance enhancement.

Nanoscaled Titanium Oxide Layer Provokes Quick Osseointegration on 3D-Printed Dental Implants: A Domino Effect Induced by Hydrophilic Surface.

Three-dimensional printing is a revolutionary strategy to fabricate dental implants. Especially, 3D-printed dental implants modified with nanoscaled titanium oxide layer (H-SLM) have impressively shown quick osseointegration, but the accurate mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we unmask a domino effect that the hydrophilic surface of the H-SLM facilitates blood wetting, enhances the blood shear rate, promotes blood clotting, and changes clot features for quick osseointegration.

Quantum conditional generative adversarial network based on patch method for abnormal electrocardiogram generation.

To address the scarcity and class imbalance of abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) databases, which are crucial in AI-driven diagnostic tools for potential cardiovascular disease detection, this study proposes a novel quantum conditional generative adversarial algorithm (QCGAN-ECG) for generating abnormal ECG signals. The QCGAN-ECG constructs a quantum generator based on patch method. In this method, each sub-generator generates distinct features of abnormal heartbeats in different segments.

DTQFL: A Digital Twin-Assisted Quantum Federated Learning Algorithm for Intelligent Diagnosis in 5G Mobile Network.

Smart healthcare aims to revolutionize med-ical services by integrating artificial intelligence (AI). The limitations of classical machine learning include privacy concerns that prevent direct data sharing among medical institutions, untimely updates, and long training times. To address these issues, this study proposes a digital twin-assisted quantum federated learning algorithm (DTQFL).

IoMT-Based Smart Healthcare Detection System Driven by Quantum Blockchain and Quantum Neural Network.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the main criterion for arrhythmia detection. As a means of identification, ECG leakage seems to be a common occurrence due to the development of the Internet of Medical Things. The advent of the quantum era makes it difficult for classical blockchain technology to provide security for ECG data storage.

Role of solvent in plasma-assisted peroxymonosulfate-hydrothermal process for plastic conversion.

Hydrothermal processes are considered a promising strategy for the conversion of ever-growing plastic wastes. Plasma-assisted peroxymonosulfate-hydrothermal process has attracted increasing attention in enhancing the efficiency of hydrothermal conversion. However, the role of solvent in this process is unclear and rarely researched.

Structure Design for Ultrahigh Power Density Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell.

Next-generation ultrahigh power density proton exchange membrane fuel cells rely not only on high-performance membrane electrode assembly (MEA) but also on an optimal cell structure. To this end, this work comprehensively investigates the cell performance under various structures, and it is revealed that there is unexploited performance improvement in structure design because its positive effect enhancing gas supply is often inhibited by worse proton/electron conduction. Utilizing fine channel/rib or the porous flow field is feasible to eliminate the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and hence increase the power density significantly due to the decrease of cell thickness and gas/electron transfer resistances.

Porous Flow Field for Next-Generation Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization, Design, and Challenges.

Porous flow fields distribute fuel and oxygen for the electrochemical reactions of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells through their pore network instead of conventional flow channels. This type of flow fields has showed great promises in enhancing reactant supply, heat removal, and electrical conduction, reducing the concentration performance loss and improving operational stability for fuel cells. This review presents the research and development progress of porous flow fields with insights for next-generation PEM fuel cells of high power density (e.

Extracellular matrix physical properties govern the diffusion of nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are confronted with limited and disappointing delivery efficiency in tumors clinically. The tumor extracellular matrix (ECM), whose physical traits have recently been recognized as new hallmarks of cancer, forms a main steric obstacle for NP diffusion, yet the role of tumor ECM physical traits in NP diffusion remains largely unexplored. Here, we characterized the physical properties of clinical gastric tumor samples and observed limited distribution of NPs in decellularized tumor tissues.

A prediction model for nanoparticle diffusion behavior in fibrous materials considering steric and hydrodynamic resistances.

Precise prediction of the hindered diffusion behavior of electroneutral particles in fibrous media plays a critical role in the development of drugs, polymer membranes, and porous electrodes. However, the random microstructure and unknown coupling relationship of multiple resistance mechanisms lead to the lack of a universal prediction model. In this work, a dual-resistance model is proposed by reconstructed pore-scale simulations, which presents the coexistence of steric and hydrodynamic resistances in the multiplication form.

Electronic-Level Insight into Interfacial Effects and Their Induced Anisotropic Ion Diffusion and Ion Selectivity in Nanochannels.

Osmotic energy conversion features directional ion migration in selective nanochannels, dominated by interfacial effects, temperature, and concentration. Current efforts emphasize membrane modification for superior reliability and durability, whereas the origin and implication of interfacial effects are unclear. This work performs ab initio molecular dynamics simulations for hydrated ion-graphene oxide interfaces by regulating the temperature and concentration.

A Real-Time Self-Adaptive Thermal Metasurface.

Emerging metamaterials have served as an efficient strategy for the realization of unconventional heat control and management using structural thermal properties, and many functional thermal metadevices have been investigated. However, thermal functions are usually fixed or limited in the switching range. Thus far, real-time thermal regulation is elusive for thermal metamaterials because of deterministic artificial metastructures and uncontrollable phase transitions, coupled with the absence of dynamic adaptability.

Passive Ultra-Conductive Thermal Metamaterials.

Ultra-conductive heat transport showcases significant potentials in popular thermal managements with convection, phase change, and heat source. However, it is captivated impossible for passive thermal manipulation, usually bounded by intrinsic thermal conductivities of natural materials, to outperform these active recipes in need of extra energy payload. Here, a robust recipe to create passive ultra-conductive thermal metamaterials consisting of nothing but bulk natural materials is reported.

Collective Enhancements on Thermal-Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Graphite-Based Composite Bipolar Plates through the Coupled Manipulations of Molding and Impregnation Pressures.

The performance and durability of proton exchange fuel cells (PEMFCs) are greatly affected by the bipolar plate (BP). In this paper, the thermal and electrical conductivities and mechanical property of graphite filled with resin composite BPs were collectively enhanced through the effectively coupled manipulations of molding pressure and impregnation pressure. The microstructures show that the resin tends to distribute at the top region of the rib under high impregnation pressure.

PerAE: An Effective Personalized AutoEncoder for ECG-Based Biometric in Augmented Reality System.

With the development of the Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) technologies, massive biometric data are collected by different organizations. These data have great significance but also worsen the privacy risks. Electro-CardioGram (ECG)-based Identity Recognition (EIR) is a popular Biometric technology.

Identifying the dominant transport mechanism in single nanoscale pores and 3D nanoporous media.

Gas transport mechanisms can be categorized into viscous flow and mass diffusion, both of which may coexist in a porous media with multiscale pore sizes. To determine the dominant transport mechanism and its contribution to gas transport capacity, the gas viscous flow and mass diffusion processes are analyzed in single nanoscale pores via a theoretical method, and are simulated in 3D nanoporous media via pore-scale lattice Boltzmann methods. The apparent permeability from the viscous flow and apparent diffusivity from the mass diffusion are estimated.

Thermal Management for Hydrogen Charging and Discharging in a Screened Metal-Organic Framework Particle Tank.

Thermal management of H gas storage in a tank is crucial for determining the H gas deliverable capacity. In this study, a strategy for the design of an excellent comprehensive performance fuel storage tank from the screening of microscopic materials to the design of macroscopic particle adsorption tank performance is proposed. The best metal-organic framework (MOF) for H deliverable capacity in a computation-ready experimental MOF database is first screened using a grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method.

Integrated analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation datasets identified key genes and a 6-gene prognostic signature for primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with a poor survival prognosis. In our study, gene expression, DNA methylation, and clinicopathological data of primary LUAD were utilized to identify potential prognostic markers for LUAD, which were recruited from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate regression analysis showed that there were 21 methylation-associated DEGs related to overall survival (OS), including 9 down- and 12 up-regulated genes.

sp. nov., a piezotolerant, hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney in the Southwest Indian Ridge.

A hyperthermophilic, strictly anaerobic archaeon, designated strain SY113, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney on the Southwest Indian Ridge at a water depth of 2770 m. Enrichment and isolation of strain SY113 were performed at 85 °C at 0.1 MPa.

Fixation options for reconstruction of the greater trochanter in unstable intertrochanteric fracture with arthroplasty.

Introduction: With the aggravation of population aging, the incidence of intertrochanteric fracture also increases dramatically. Patients are often elderly accompany with severe osteoporosis and various complications. Therefore, we should select an individualized treatment based on the each patient's state.

A Molecular Model of PEMFC Catalyst Layer: Simulation on Reactant Transport and Thermal Conduction.

Minimizing platinum (Pt) loading while reserving high reaction efficiency in the catalyst layer (CL) has been confirmed as one of the key issues in improving the performance and application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To enhance the reaction efficiency of Pt catalyst in CL, the interfacial interactions in the three-phase interface, i.e.

Tailoring patchy nanoparticle design to modulate serum albumin adsorption and membrane interaction.

When nanoparticles (NPs) enter into the biological system, a wide range of proteins will coat on their surfaces forming protein corona, which changes the initial synthetic characteristics of NPs to the biological identity, resulting in the loss of their targets or specially designed properties. Although pre-coating with proteins would reduce the protein corona formation, they may diminish the targeting moieties in the transport process. Patchy NPs can offer unique advantages of asymmetry, heterogeneity, and multi-functions.