Microbiome-proteome analysis of gastrointestinal microbiota and longissimus thoracis muscle proteins in cattle with high and low grades of marbling.

Marbling is a key indicator of the meat quality of ruminants. Gastrointestinal microbiota may regulate the formation of marbling by influencing the nutritional metabolism of animals. This study analyzed the composition and functional differences of microbiota in the rumen and cecum, the differences in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) content in the longissimus thoracis muscle, and the differences in protein abundance in the longissimus thoracis muscle of ruminants with different marbling grades through microbiome-proteome analysis.

Effects of Acorns on Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue of Yuxi Black Pigs.

The objective of the present research was the examination of how varying proportions of an acorn diet affects the deposition of subcutaneous fat and the composition of fatty acids (FAs) in Yuxi black pigs. Ninety pigs (with a balanced sex ratio and a similar weight 99.60 ± 2.

Effects of Acorns on Meat Quality and Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Expression in Muscle Tissues of Yuxi Black Pigs.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acorn diets on the composition of fatty acid (FA) and the intramuscular fat (IMF) content in Yuxi black pigs.

Methods: Ninety Yuxi black pigs with similar body weight (99.60 ± 2.

Effects of baicalin and chlorogenic acid on growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal health of broilers.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of baicalin and chlorogenic acid (BC) on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota, and mucosal metabolism in broilers. A total of 720 twenty-one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated into 3 groups, with 6 replicates per group and 40 chickens per replicate. They were fed a basal diet (Con group) or a basal diet supplemented with 250 or 400 mg/kg BC (BC250 and BC400 groups) for 40 consecutive days.

Research Note: Poria cocos polysaccharide alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier damage in broiler chickens.

This study aimed to explore the impact of dietary supplementation of Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP) on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation, morphology, and barrier damage in broilers. A total of 240 1-day-old male Arbor Acre broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design comprising PCP supplementation (0 or 2 g/kg PCP from d 1 to 23) and LPS challenge (intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 mg/kg body weight of LPS or the same volume of sterile saline at d 22).

Identification of several lncRNA-mRNA pairs associated with marbling trait between Nanyang and Angus cattle.

Background: The marbling trait of cattle muscles, being a key indicator, played an important role in evaluating beef quality. Two breeds of cattle, namely a high-marbling (Angus) and a low-marbling (Nanyang) one, with their cattle muscles selected as our samples for transcriptome sequencing, were aimed to identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their targets associated with the marbling trait.

Results: Transcriptome sequencing identified 487 and 283 differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs respectively between the high-marbling (Angus) and low-marbling (Nanyang) cattle muscles.

The Effects of Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Cecal Microflora Composition of Weaned Piglets.

This paper aims to identify polysaccharides (PCPs) as a potential feed additive used for swine production; thus, we explored the effects of different dietary inclusion levels of PCP on growth performance, immunity, and cecal microflora composition in weaned piglets. For this, a total of 120 28-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weaned piglets (8.51 ± 0.

Effects of dietary supplementation of glycerol monolaurate on laying performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and immune function in late-phase laying hens.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on laying performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and immune function in late-phase laying hens. A total of 480 Hy-Line Variety Brown hens (age 54 wk) were randomly assigned to 5 treatments: the control group (basal diet) and 4 GML groups (basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg GML). Each treatment consisted of 8 replicates with 12 hens each and the trial lasted for 8 wk.

Comparison of Growth Performance, Carcass Properties, Fatty Acid Profile, and Genes Involved in Fat Metabolism in Nanyang and Landrace Pigs.

This study compared the growth, carcass properties, fatty acid profile, lipid-producing enzyme activity, and expression pattern of genes involved in fat metabolism in Nanyang and Landrace pigs. In the study, 32 Nanyang (22.16 ± 0.

KLK10 promotes the progression of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer via PAR1-PDK1-AKT signaling pathway.

Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) gene mutation is common in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is often predictive of treatment failure and poor prognosis. To understand the mechanism, we compared the transcriptome of CRC patients with wild-type and mutant KRAS and found that KRAS mutation is associated with the overexpression of a secreted serine protease, kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10). Moreover, using in vitro and in vivo models, we found that KLK10 overexpression favors the rapid growth and liver metastasis of KRAS mutant CRC and can also impair the efficacy of KRAS inhibitors, leading to drug resistance and poor survival.

TGR5 deficiency-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors: The role of gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Background And Purpose: Anxiety and depression have been associated with imbalances in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), a bile acid receptor involved in metabolism, is influenced by the gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression, and microbiota using TGR5 knockout mice.

Effects of dietary polysaccharide copper complex on growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of broilers.

polysaccharide (CYP) has received attention in recent years owing to its positive nutritional and medicinal characteristics. Copper is an essential trace metal in animals, which plays an important role in iron absorption and hemoglobin synthesis. However, no published study has evaluated polysaccharide copper complex (CYP-Cu) as a dietary additive in broilers.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Chinese Yam Polysaccharide on Carcass Composition, Meat Quality, and Antioxidant Capacity in Broilers.

The study aimed to evaluate the influences of the dietary supplementation of Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) on the carcass performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of broilers. Three hundred and sixty healthy 1-day-old broilers with similar body weight (39 ± 1 g, gender balanced) were randomly divided into four groups (control, CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 groups). In the control group, broilers were fed a basal diet with CYP, and the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 groups were fed diets supplemented with 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg CYP, respectively.

Effects of Polysaccharides on the Muscle Tissues Development-Related Genes Expression in Breast and Thigh Muscle of Broilers.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary polysaccharides (CYP) on myogenic differentiation 1 (), myogenin (), and myostatin () mRNA expression of breast and thigh muscle tissues in broilers. A total of 360 (1-day-old, gender-balanced) crossbred broilers chicks with similar body weight (BW) were randomly distributed into four groups, with three replicates in each group and each replicate included 30 broilers. The feeding trial lasted for 48 days.

A comprehensive review of the progress of cell migration inducing hyaluronidase 1.

The gene cell migration inducing hyaluronidase 1 (CEMIP) is on chromosome 15q25 and codes for a 150-kDa protein with an N-terminal secretion signal, a G8 domain, 2 GG domains, and several repeats. It was first described as a specific protein in the inner ear relating to nonsyndromic hearing loss. Recently, increasing research detected its association in various cancers, determining the progression, metastasis, and prognosis by influencing the proliferation and invasion of the cells.

Effects of polysaccharides on the immune function and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of polysaccharides (CYP) in diets on the immune function of broilers. A total of 360 (1-day-old, sex balance) healthy growing broilers with similar body weight (39.54 ± 0.

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2-mediated paired box 8 methylation promotes gastrointestinal stromal tumor progression through Wnt4 downregulation.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a refractory malignant tumor without satisfactory therapy. In recent years, aberrant gene methylation has been highlighted as an inducer for tumor progression. In this study, we explored whether enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-mediated paired box 8 (PAX8) methylation affects GIST development through regulation of Wnt4.

Long non-coding RNA PHACTR2-AS1 promotes tongue squamous cell carcinoma metastasis by regulating Snail.

Long non-coding RNA is an endogenous non-coding RNA that has currently been proved to be an important player in cancer cell biology. In the present study, we investigated the biological role of PHACTR2-AS1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). PHACTR2-AS1 was preferentially localized in the cytoplasm, and was notably upregulated in TSCC tissues.

Effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan on carcass composition and meat quality in growing Huoyan geese.

This present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan (CS) on carcass composition and meat quality in growing Huoyan geese. A total of 320 (28-day-old) growing Huoyan geese (sex balance) with similar body weight were randomly divided into the following 4 main groups: basal diet (control), basal diet + 100 mg/kg CS (CS), basal diet + 200 mg/kg CS (CS), and basal diet + 400 mg/kg CS (CS) groups. Each group includes 4 replicates with 20 geese per replicate, and the feeding trail lasted for 4 wk.

Effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan on immune function in growing Huoyan geese.

This present experiment was performed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan (CS) on immune function in growing Huoyan geese. A total of 320 28-day-old healthy growing Huoyan geese (sex balance) with similar body weight were randomly allotted into control, CS, CS, and CS groups. Each group includes 4 replicates with 20 geese per replicate, and the feeding trial lasted for 4 wk.

A Potential Linking between Vitamin D and Adipose Metabolic Disorders.

Vitamin D has been discovered centuries ago, and current studies have focused on the biological effects of vitamin D on adipogenesis. Besides its role in calcium homeostasis and energy metabolism, vitamin D is also involved in the regulation of development and process of metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue is a major storage depot of vitamin D.

Interleukin-15 inhibits adipogenic differentiation of cattle bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via regulating the crosstalk between signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A and Akt signalling.

Interleukin (IL)-15 is an important regulator of adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This study was designed to clarify the underlying mechanism. BMSCs were obtained from Nanyang cattle and stimulated to differentiate into adipocytes using standard differentiation medium.

The Dynamic Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Colon Cancer.

Colon cancer is still one of the most common causes of cancer in human and is characterized by lymphocyte infiltrates and originates from the epithelial cells found in the lining of colon or rectum of the gastrointestinal tract. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are composed of the multipotent stem cell group of stroma and can be differentiated as various cell lineages, such as fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. MSCs provide mechanical and structural support and have potential functions during tumor growth and metastasis.

Comparison of microRNAs in the intramuscular adipose tissue from Jinhua and Landrace pigs.

MicroRNA (miRNA) is critically involved in lipogenesis occurring in various body parts of humans and animals. In this study, to further investigate the role and distribution of miRNA in porcine intramuscular adipose tissue, small RNAs were extracted from Jinhua and Landrace pigs to identify the expression profiles of miRNAs. miRNA expression profiles revealed that 558 miRNAs including 287 known and 271 novel miRNAs were identified, and 220 of them showed differential expression in the pigs.