Effects of NUSS surgery on degree of flat thoracic cage, cardiopulmonary function, and bone metabolism in pectus excavatum patients of different ages.

This study was to explore the degree of flat thoracic cage (FTC), cardiopulmonary function, and bone metabolism of pectus excavatum (PE) children of different ages after NUSS surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 children with PE who underwent minimally invasive pectus excavatum correction surgery (NUSS), divided into three age groups: group I (1-3 years), group II (3-6 years), and group III (6-12 years), with 30 patients in each group. The study compared differences in thoracic flattening index, surgical-related metrics, pulmonary function, peripheral blood levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus, and complication rates among the groups.

A multiomic atlas identifies a treatment-resistant, bone marrow progenitor-like cell population in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Refractoriness to initial chemotherapy and relapse after remission are the main obstacles to curing T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). While tumor heterogeneity has been implicated in treatment failure, the cellular and genetic factors contributing to resistance and relapse remain unknown. Here we linked tumor subpopulations with clinical outcome, created an atlas of healthy pediatric hematopoiesis and applied single-cell multiomic analysis to a diverse cohort of 40 T-ALL cases.

Albumin binding domain fusion improved the therapeutic efficacy of Inhibitor of Differentiation-2 protein in colitis mice.

Aims: The human Inhibitor of Differentiation-2 (hID2) protein is a promising candidate for the treatment of colitis. However, its relatively low molecular weight limits its clinical application. To extend the therapeutic half-life, an albumin-binding domain (ABD), known for its high affinity for human serum albumin (HSA), was fused to hID2, resulting in a recombinant ABD-hID2.

Solid-State Reversible Phase Transition and Photoluminescence Properties of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Halide: (BTPA)MnBr.

Multifunctional materials have long been a popular research area, with organic-inorganic hybrids frequently utilized due to their diverse properties and versatile assembly techniques. In this context, a novel Mn-based organic-inorganic hybrid compound (BTPA)MnBr() was prepared, with strong green photoluminescence, phase transition under thermal stimulation, and two reversible dielectric-state switches. This compound exhibits strong green photoluminescence under ultraviolet excitation, boasting a quantum yield of 44.

The isoflavone puerarin promotes generation of human iPSC-derived pre-oligodendrocytes and enhances endogenous remyelination in rodent models.

Puerarin, a natural isoflavone, is commonly used as a Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of various cardiovascular and neurological disorders. It has been found to be neuroprotective via TrK-PI3K/Akt pathway, which is associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Myelin damage in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and ischemia induces activation of endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) and subsequent remyelination by newly formed oligodendrocytes.

Transcription factor KROX20 marks epithelial stem cell ancestors for hair follicle formation.

Epidermal stem cells control homeostasis and regeneration of skin and hair. In the hair follicle (HF) bulge of mammals, populations of slow-cycling stem cells regenerate the HF during cyclical rounds of anagen (growth), catagen (regression), and telogen (quiescence). Multipotent epidermal cells are also present in the HF above the bulge area, contributing to the formation and maintenance of sebaceous gland and upper and middle portions of the HF.

An injectable decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel with cortical neuron-derived exosomes enhances tissue repair following traumatic spinal cord injury.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), known for its limited intrinsic regeneration capacity, often results in considerable neurological impairment. Studies suggest that therapeutic techniques utilizing exosomes (Exo) to promote tissue regeneration and modulate immune responses are promising for SCI treatment. However, combining exosome therapy with biomaterials for SCI treatment is not very effective.

Modulation of human induced neural stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons by DREADD reveals therapeutic effects on a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Stem cell-based therapy is a promising strategy for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Recently, induced neural stem cell-derived dopaminergic precursor cells (iNSC-DAPs) have been emerged as a promising candidate for PD cell therapy because of a lower tumor-formation ability. Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are useful tools for examining functional synaptic connections with host neurons.

Immune Cells Promote BDNF Expression by Infiltrated Macrophages via Interleukin 4 in the Cerebral Ischemia of Male Rats.

We reported that infiltrated Ly6C macrophages express brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) only at the cerebral cortex infarct in a rat dMCAO model. However, the changein neuron-expressed BDNF, the niche components that induce the Ly6C cells to express BDNF, and the cellular sources of these components, remain unclear. In this study, immunofluorescence double staining was performed to label BDNF and Ly6C on brain sections at 3, 24, and 48 h following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) of male rats, and to stain BDNF with Ly6C, IL-4R, and IL-10R.

Dynamic-to-static switch of hydrogen bonds induces a metal-insulator transition in an organic-inorganic superlattice.

Hydrogen bonds profoundly influence the fundamental chemical, physical and biological properties of molecules and materials. Owing to their relatively weaker interactions compared to other chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds alone are generally insufficient to induce substantial changes in electrical properties, thus imposing severe constraints on their applications in related devices. Here we report a metal-insulator transition controlled by hydrogen bonds for an organic-inorganic (1,3-diaminopropane)SnSe superlattice that exhibits a colossal on-off ratio of 10 in electrical resistivity.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell/embryonic stem cell-derived pyramidal neuronal precursors show safety and efficacy in a rat spinal cord injury model.

Nerve regeneration and circuit reconstruction remain a challenge following spinal cord injury (SCI). Corticospinal pyramidal neurons possess strong axon projection ability. In this study, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into pyramidal neuronal precursors (PNPs) by addition of small molecule dorsomorphin into the culture.

The effects of venlafaxine on depressive-like behaviors and gut microbiome in cuprizone-treated mice.

Background: Cuprizone (CPZ)-treated mice show significant demyelination, altered gut microbiome, and depressive-like behaviors. However, the effects of venlafaxine (Ven) on the gut microbiome and depressive-like behavior of CPZ-treated mice are largely unclear.

Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a chow containing 0.

Intraprocedural computed tomography-guided navigation with ventilatory strategy for atelectasis (ICNVA): a modified electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy.

Background: Computed tomography (CT)-body divergence limits the accuracy of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) in peripheral lung lesions diagnosis. We developed intraprocedural CT-guided navigation with ventilatory strategy for atelectasis (ICNVA) ENB for patients with peripheral lung lesions.

Methods: Retrospective observational study in which ten consecutive patients with pulmonary lesions (without bronchial direct connection) underwent ICNVA-ENB was conducted.

Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via TLR4/MYD88/JNK pathway.

The study aimed to explore the impact and potential mechanism of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS-PG) on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell behavior. ESCC cells from the Shanghai Cell Bank were used, and TLR4, MYD88, and JNK interference vectors were constructed using adenovirus. The cells were divided into six groups: Control, Model, Model + radiotherapy + LPS-PG, Model + radiotherapy + 3-MA, Model + radiotherapy + LPS-PG + 3-MA, and Model + radiotherapy.

Dexrazoxane inhibits the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by attenuating SDCBP/MDA-9/syntenin-mediated EGFR-PI3K-Akt pathway activation.

Syndecan-binding protein (SDCBP) was reported to stimulate the advancement of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and could potentially be a target for ESCC treatment. There is a growing corpus of research on the anti-tumor effects of iron chelators; however, very few studies have addressed the involvement of dexrazoxane in cancer. In this study, structure-based virtual screening was employed to select drugs targeting SDCBP from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug databases.

High glucose-induced p66Shc mitochondrial translocation regulates autophagy initiation and autophagosome formation in syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast.

Background: p66Shc, as a redox enzyme, regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria and autophagy. However, the mechanisms by which p66Shc affects autophagosome formation are not fully understood.

Methods: p66Shc expression and its location in the trophoblast cells were detected in vivo and in vitro.

Treatment of Syringomyelia Characterized by Focal Dilatation of the Central Canal Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neural Stem Cells.

Background: Syringomyelia is a progressive chronic disease that leads to nerve pain, sensory dissociation, and dyskinesia. Symptoms often do not improve after surgery. Stem cells have been widely explored for the treatment of nervous system diseases due to their immunoregulatory and neural replacement abilities.

STING activation reprograms the microenvironment to sensitize NF1-related malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors for immunotherapy.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene that encodes neurofibromin, a RAS GTPase-activating protein. Inactivating NF1 mutations cause hyperactivation of RAS-mediated signaling, resulting in the development of multiple neoplasms, including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). MPNSTs are an aggressive tumor and the main cause of mortality in patients with NF1.

Two decades of a protooncogene TBL1XR1: from a transcription modulator to cancer therapeutic target.

Transducin beta-like 1X-related protein 1 (TBL1XR1) was discovered two decades ago and was implicated as part of the nuclear transcription corepressor complex. Over the past 20 years, the emerging oncogenic function of TBL1XR1 in cancer development has been discovered. Recent studies have highlighted that the genetic aberrations of TBL1XR1 in cancers, especially in hematologic tumors, are closely associated with tumorigenesis.