Altered Neuronal Activity Patterns of the Prefrontal Cortex in Alzheimer's Disease After Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: A Resting-State fMRI Study.

Background: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) could improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effects of tACS on brain activity remain unclear.

Objective: The purpose is to investigate the change in regional neuronal activity after tACS in AD patients employing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Recent Advances in and Challenges with Fe-Based Metallic Glasses for Catalytic Efficiency: Environment and Energy Fields.

Metallic glass is being gradually recognized for its unique disordered atomic configuration and excellent catalytic activity, so is of great significance in the field of catalysis. Recent reports have demonstrated that Fe-based metallic glass, as a competitive new catalyst, has good catalytic activity for the fields of environment and energy, including high catalytic efficiency and stability. This review introduces the latest developments in metallic glasses with various atomic components and their excellent catalytic properties as catalysts.

Comparison of F-FDG PET and arterial spin labeling MRI in evaluating Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment using integrated PET/MR.

Background: Developing biomarkers for early stage AD patients is crucial. Glucose metabolism measured by F-FDG PET is the most common biomarker for evaluating cellular energy metabolism to diagnose AD. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI can potentially provide comparable diagnostic information to F-FDG PET in patients with neurodegenerative disorders.

Multiparametric hippocampal signatures for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using F-FDG PET/MRI Radiomics.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the utility of hippocampal radiomics using multiparametric simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: A total of 53 healthy control (HC) participants, 55 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 51 patients with AD were included in this study. All participants accepted simultaneous PET/MRI scans, including F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET, 3D arterial spin labeling (ASL), and high-resolution T1-weighted imaging (3D T1WI).

Role of Cr Element in Highly Dense Passivation of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloy.

The effect of the Cr element on the corrosion behavior of as-spun FeCrBSiNb ribbons with = 0, 7.2, 21.6, and 36 in 3.

Nanoscale Oxygenous Heterogeneity in FePC Glass for Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalytic Performance.

Metallic glass, with its unique disordered atomic structure and high density of low-coordination sites, is regarded as the most competitive new catalyst for environmental catalysis. However, the efficiency and stability of metallic glass catalysts are often affected by their atomic configuration. Thus, the design and regulation of the nanoscale structure of metallic glasses to improve their catalytic efficiency and stability remains a challenge.

Altered amide proton transfer weighted and diffusion signals in patients with multiple sclerosis: correlation with neurofilament light chain and disease duration.

Objectives: To compare the signal alterations of amide proton transfer (APT), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter (WM) lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS), compared with healthy controls (HCs), and to investigate the relationships between these changes and clinical measurements such as serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine patients with relapsing-remitting MS (21 females and 8 males) and 30 HCs (23 females and 7 males) were recruited. APT-weighted (APTw) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired using a 3.

Effect of APOE ε4 genotype on amyloid-β, glucose metabolism, and gray matter volume in cognitively normal individuals and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Background And Purpose: The presence of apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of APOE ε4 on amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, glucose metabolism, and gray matter (GM) volume and their longitudinal changes in healthy control (HC) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods: We included 50 HCs and 109 aMCI patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative phase 2/GO based on availability of baseline T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, F-florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET), and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET.

Resting-state functional connectivity alteration in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis and declined cognition: An observational study.

Objective: This study is designed to investigate the brain function changed regions in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and to explore the relationship between neuropsychological tests and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) network to clarify the possible mechanism underlying cognitive changes in KOA patients.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-two patients aged ≥ 65 with KOA and twenty-two healthy-matched controls were recruited in this study. All participants were given rs-fMRI check.

Exploring the risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: A single-center case-control study.

Objectives: Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) is one of the most common and severe complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aim to explore the risk factors for ICVD in SLE and to assess their associated clinical characteristics.

Methods: In this study, 44 lupus patients with ICVD (ICVD-SLE) and 80 age- and sex-matched lupus patients without ICVD (non-ICVD-SLE) who were hospitalized in our center between 2014 and 2021 were enrolled.

Coupling of brain activity and structural network in multiple sclerosis: A graph frequency analysis study.

The brain activities and the underlying wiring diagrams are vulnerable in multiple sclerosis (MS). Also, it remains unknown whether the complex coupling between these functional and structural brain properties would be affected. To address this issue, we adopted graph frequency analysis to quantify the high-order structural-functional interactions based on a combination of brain diffusion and functional MRI data.

Comparison of different obesity indices associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among different sex and age groups in Nantong, China: a cross-section study.

Background: Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the obesity index that is most closely related to type 2 diabetes remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the associations of five anthropometric indices (body mass index [BMI], body adiposity index, waist circumference [WC], waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) with T2DM among Chinese adults divided into four groups according to sex and age.

Glioma Imaging by O-(2-18F-Fluoroethyl)-L-Tyrosine PET and Diffusion-Weighted MRI and Correlation With Molecular Phenotypes, Validated by PET/MR-Guided Biopsies.

Gliomas exhibit high intra-tumoral histological and molecular heterogeneity. Introducing stereotactic biopsy, we achieved a superior molecular analysis of glioma using O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET)-positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). Patients underwent simultaneous DWI and FET-PET scans.

Multimodal Classification of Alzheimer's Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Integrated 18F-FDG PET and DTI Study.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is the intermediate stage between normal cognitive aging and early dementia caused by AD. It can be challenging to differentiate aMCI patients from healthy controls (HC) and mild AD patients.

Multi-parametric MRI phenotype with trustworthy machine learning for differentiating CNS demyelinating diseases.

Background: Misdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) may delay the treatment, resulting in poor prognosis. However, the precise identification of these two diseases is still challenging in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate the value of quantitative radiomic features extracted from the brain white matter lesions for differential diagnosis of MS and NMO.

Comparison of different obesity indices related with hypertension among different sex and age groups in China.

Background And Aims: To compare the relationships of five obesity-related routine anthropometric indicators (body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) for hypertension in both sexes and among different age groups of the Chinese population.

Methods And Results: A total of 12,064 adult participants (5638 males and 6426 females) were included. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were used with binary logistic regression models to estimate the risk of hypertension for each obesity index.

Altered Functional Connectivity in White and Gray Matter in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to assess neural activity changes in gray matter (GM) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, brain function alterations in white matter (WM) relatively remain under-explored. : This work aims to identify the functional connectivity in both the WM and the GM of patients with MS using fMRI and the correlations between these functional changes and cumulative disability as well as the lesion ratio. : For this retrospective study, 37 patients with clinically definite MS and 43 age-matched healthy controls were included between 2010 and 2014.

Altered Intrinsic Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Before and After Knee Arthroplasty in the Elderly: A Resting-State fMRI Study.

This study aimed to investigate the brain functional alterations with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in older patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to assess the causal relationship of the brain function and neuropsychological changes. We performed rs-fMRI to investigate brain function of 23 patients aged ≥65 with KOA and 23 healthy matched controls. Of the KOA patients, 15 completed postoperative rs-fMRI examinations.

Baricitinib, a drug with potential effect to prevent SARS-COV-2 from entering target cells and control cytokine storm induced by COVID-19.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suddenly broke out in China and rapidly spread all over the world. Recently, a cell surface protein, known as angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), has been identified to be involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis for SARS-CoV-2 entry to the cells. Many studies have reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19: sudden deterioration of disease around 1-2 weeks after onset; much lower level of lymphocytes, especially natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood; extremely high pro-inflammatory cytokines and C reactive protein (CRP).

Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.

Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has broken out in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly. Recent studies have found that ⁓ 15.7% of patients develop severe pneumonia, and cytokine storm is an important factor leading to rapid disease progression.

Multiparametric imaging hippocampal neurodegeneration and functional connectivity with simultaneous PET/MRI in Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the hippocampal neurodegeneration and its associated aberrant functions in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients using simultaneous PET/MRI.

Methods: Forty-two cognitively normal controls (NC), 38 MCI, and 22 AD patients were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent F-FDG PET/functional MRI (fMRI) and high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans on a hybrid GE Signa PET/MRI scanner.

Simultaneous FET-PET and contrast-enhanced MRI based on hybrid PET/MR improves delineation of tumor spatial biodistribution in gliomas: a biopsy validation study.

Purpose: Glioma treatment planning requires precise tumor delineation, which is typically performed with contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI. However, CE MRI fails to reflect the entire extent of glioma. O-(2-F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (F-FET) PET may detect tumor volumes missed by CE MRI.