Dynamic Programming BN Structure Learning Algorithm Integrating Double Constraints under Small Sample Condition.

The Bayesian Network (BN) structure learning algorithm based on dynamic programming can obtain global optimal solutions. However, when the sample cannot fully contain the information of the real structure, especially when the sample size is small, the obtained structure is inaccurate. Therefore, this paper studies the planning mode and connotation of dynamic programming, restricts its process with edge and path constraints, and proposes a dynamic programming BN structure learning algorithm with double constraints under small sample conditions.

Inhibition of Posterior Capsule Opacification by Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of Short Hairpin RNAs Targeting TERT in a Rabbit Model.

Purpose: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common postoperative complication after cataract surgery and cannot yet be eliminated. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene silencing on PCO in a rabbit model.

Methods: After rabbit lens epithelial cells (LECs) were treated with adenovirus containing short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) targeting TERT (shTERT group), adenovirus containing scramble nonsense control shRNA (shNC group) or PBS (control group), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to measure the expression levels of TERT, and a scratch assay was performed to assess the LEC migration.

Evaluation of retinal vessel and perfusion density in migraine patients by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Background: Migraine is a neurovascular disease and has been reported as a risk factor for ocular vascular complications. Our study aimed to compare the retinal vessel density and perfusion density between migraine patients and healthy subjects by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: In this prospective study, 23 patients with migraine with aura (MWA) and 31 patients with migraine without aura (MWOA), and 32 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled.

A rare asymptomatic metallic intraocular foreign body retained in the anterior chamber for 15 years: A case report.

Rationale: Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) are common in ocular injuries, but asymptomatic metallic IOFBs retained in the anterior chamber for years are rare.

Patient Concerns: A 31-year-old female presented with blurred vision in her right eye after lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. Her best-corrected vision acuity was 0.

Polysaccharides extracted from Cassia seeds protect against high glucose-induced retinal endothelial cell injury.

Introduction: To investigate the protect effect of polysaccharides extract from cassia seeds (CSPE) on human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) in hyperglycemia environment.

Methods: The same amount of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs), respectively, inoculated in vitro were divided into normal group (Con group), hyperglycemia group (H-Glu group), and different concentration of cassia polysaccharides extract (CSPE) combined with high glucose medium group (CSPE group). HRECs in Con group were cultured routinely.

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Postoperative Gastrointestinal Recovery in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Feasibility Study.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to study the feasibility and acceptability of electroacupuncture (EA) for preventing postoperative gastrointestinal complications in patients undergoing thoracoscopic segmentectomy/lobectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) segmentectomy/lobectomy received either EA treatments plus usual care (EA group) or usual care alone (UC group). Patients in the EA group were given 30 minutes of bilateral electroacupuncture on 3 acupoints [Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36), and Shangjuxu (ST37)] at 3 time points (24 hours before surgery, and 4 hours and 24 hours after surgery).

Hepcidin as a key iron regulator mediates glucotoxicity-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.

It has been well established that glucotoxicity induces pancreatic β-cells dysfunction; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Our previous studies demonstrated that high glucose concentrations are associated with decreased hepcidin expression, which inhibits insulin synthesis. In this study, we focused on the role of low hepcidin level-induced increased iron deposition in β-cells and the relationship between abnormal iron metabolism and β-cell dysfunction.

RETRACTED: Anti-angiogenic effect of Interleukin-26 in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice via inhibiting NFATc1-VEGF pathway.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel β-D-2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-2'-β-C-(fluoromethyl)uridine phosphoramidate prodrug for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection.

A novel β-D-2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-2'-β-C-(fluoromethyl)uridine phosphoramidate prodrug (1) has been synthesized. This compound exhibits submicromolar-level antiviral activity in vitro against HCV genotypes 1b, 1a, 2a, and S282T replicons (EC = 0.18-1.

Synthesis and Anti-HCV Activity of a Novel 2',3'-Dideoxy-2'-α-fluoro-2'-β--methyl Guanosine Phosphoramidate Prodrug.

A novel 2',3'-dideoxy-2'-α-fluoro-2'-β--methyl-6-methoxy guanosine () and its phosphoramidate prodrug () have been designed and synthesized. Their biological activity was evaluated in both cytotoxicity and cell-based HCV replicon assays. Neither compounds exhibited cytotoxicity up to the highest concentration tested (100 μM) in the Huh-7 cell line.

Single pemetrexed is noninferior to platinum-based pemetrexed doublet as first-line treatment on elderly Chinese patients with advanced nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of single pemetrexed treatment compared with platinum-based pemetrexed doublet pemetrexed-based as first-line treatment for advanced nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC) in elderly Chinese patients.

Methods: The study retrospectively reviewed 175 elderly Chinese patients with NS-NSCLC from June 2010 to September 2013: 90 patients received single pemetrexed treatment, 45 received pemetrexed plus oxaliplatin, and 40 received pemetrexed plus carboplatin. Clinical efficacy was assessed using disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS).

A case of 18p deletion syndrome after blepharoplasty.

Objective: The deletion of the short arm of chromosome 18 is thought to be one of the rare chromosomal aberrations. Here, we report a case to review this disease.

Case Report: The proband is a five-and-a-half-year-old girl who has had phenotypes manifested mainly by ptosis, broad face, broad neck with low posterior hairline, mental retardation, short stature, and other malformations.

Synthesis of Quinazolines from N,N'-Disubstituted Amidines via I/KI-Mediated Oxidative C-C Bond Formation.

An I/KI-promoted oxidative C-C bond formation reaction from C(sp)-H and C(sp)-H bonds has been used to construct quinazoline skeletons from N,N'-disubstituted amidines. The required substrates are readily prepared from the corresponding acyl chlorides, anilines, and alkyl/benzylamines by sequential amidation, chlorination, and amination reactions. Under the optimal oxidative cyclization conditions, all these amidines were conveniently transformed into the expected products in moderate to good yields.

Synthesis of Novel Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-amines from Arylamines and Nitriles via Sequential Addition and I2 /KI-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization.

A novel and practical strategy for the construction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-amine frameworks has been developed. The present sequential approach involves addition of arylamines to nitriles and I2 /KI-mediated oxidative C-N bond formation without purification of the intermediate amidines. This operationally simple synthetic process provides a facile access to a variety of new 2-amino substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and related heterocyclic compounds in an efficient and scalable fashion.

Concise Synthesis of Taiwaniaquinol B and 5-epi-Taiwaniaquinone G.

The natural product taiwaniaquinol B and the unnatural 5-epi-taiwaniaquinone G were synthesized based on a highly efficient tandem acylation-Nazarov cyclization approach to build the tricyclic skeleton.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new N(4)-Substituted 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-4'-azido cytidine derivatives as potent anti-HBV agents.

A series of new 2'-deoxy-2'-β-fluoro-4'-azido-β-d-arabinofuranosyl cytidine derivatives bearing heteroatom-containing N(4)-substituents were designed and synthesized. Antiviral screening in HepG2.2.

I2/KI-Mediated Oxidative N-N Bond Formation for the Synthesis of 1,5-Fused 1,2,4-Triazoles from N-Aryl Amidines.

An I2/KI-mediated oxidative N-N bond formation reaction is described. This new and environmentally benign approach allows for the convenient synthesis of a variety of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and other 1,5-fused 1,2,4-triazoles from readily available N-aryl amidines in an efficient and scalable fashion.

Endoscopical Orbital Fat Decompression with Medial Orbital Wall Decompression for Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy.

Objective: To describe a novel approach to orbital decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).

Methods: An augmented endoscopic transethmoid medial orbital wall decompression (ETMOWD) was performed on 43 consecutive patients (72 eyes) with DON in order to access the orbital apex adequately. Concurrently, endoscopic transethmoid fat decompression (ETFD) using a novel aspiration/cutting instrument to remove orbital fat was performed for further reduction of proptosis.

Hepcidin in tumor-related iron deficiency anemia and tumor-related anemia of chronic disease: pathogenic mechanisms and diagnosis.

Objectives: Anemia is a common hematological abnormality in patients with cancer. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and anemia of chronic disease (ACD) are the most prevalent, both characterized by hypochromic microcytic anemia and low serum iron (SI). Their differential diagnosis is difficult in clinical practice, hampering their treatment.

[Effects of salvianolic-acid B on the p38MAPK signaling pathway and its transcriptional factor induced by transforming growth factor b1 in activated rat hepatic stellate cells].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Salvianolic-acid B on p38MAPK signaling pathway and its transcriptional factor activated by Transforming growth factor b1 in rat hepatic stellate cells.

Methods: Hepatic stellate cells were isolated from normal rat by in situ perfusion and Nycodenz density-gradient centrifugation method.TGFb1 (10 ng/ml), PD98059(50 mumol/L), SB203580(10 mumol/L) and SA-B (10-6 mol/L) were directly added to the medium of the isolated HSCs.

Cellular microRNAs 498 and 320d regulate herpes simplex virus 1 induction of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic replication by targeting RTA.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection was necessary but not sufficient for KS development without other cofactors. We have previously reported that herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 was an important cofactor that reactivated KSHV from latency by inducing the expression of KSHV replication and transcription activator (RTA), the lytic switch protein. Here, we further investigated the possible cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in regulation of RTA during HSV-1-induced KSHV replication.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 triggers reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus from latency and collaborates with HIV-1 Tat.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection was necessary but not sufficient for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) development without other cofactors. Previously, we identified that both human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) Tat and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) were important cofactors reactivating KSHV from latency. Here, we further investigated the potential of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) to influence KSHV replication and examined the role of Tat in this procedure.

Activation of PI3K/AKT and ERK MAPK signal pathways is required for the induction of lytic cycle replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by herpes simplex virus type 1.

Background: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is causally linked to several acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and a subset of multicentric Castleman's disease. Regulation of viral lytic replication is critical to the initiation and progression of KS. Recently, we reported that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was an important cofactor that activated lytic cycle replication of KSHV.