Gut microbiota alterations induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass result in glucose-lowering by enhancing intestinal glucose excretion.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) results in glucose-lowering in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may be associated with increased intestinal glucose excretion. However, the contribution of intestinal glucose excretion to glycemic control after RYGB and its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we confirmed that intestinal glucose excretion significantly increased in obese rats after RYGB, which was negatively correlated with postoperative blood glucose levels.

Mechanisms of ammonia-like off-flavors formation in dried shrimp: Contribution of spoilage microbiota and their metabolism.

Dried shrimp is susceptible to ammonia-like off-flavors (ALOF) during storage, yet the formation mechanisms are still not fully clear. This study analysed the contribution of different parts of dried shrimp to ALOF and characterised the formation mechanisms mainly from microbiological spoilage and amino acid metabolism points. Results showed that head viscera were the main contributors to ALOF, and visceral bacteria were the primary source of microorganisms in stored dried shrimp.

Changes in thyroid hormones predict weight regain in patients with obesity who undergo metabolic surgery.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between thyroid function and weight regain in patients with obesity after metabolic surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 162 patients who underwent metabolic surgery. Correlations between decreases in thyroid hormone levels and changes in weight, waist circumference (WC) and the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) were assessed.

Mechanisms underlying the potent antimicrobial effects of plasma-activated seawater (PASW) on fish spoilage bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens.

Plasma-activated seawater (PASW) presents a promising approach for marine fish preservation, yet its antimicrobial efficacy and mechanisms remain unclear. This study found that PASW exhibits superior bactericidal properties against the fish spoilage bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens compared to plasma-activated water (PAW), and increased effectiveness in preserving fish fillets. To clarify the mechanisms, a detailed investigation was conducted, including the generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and active halogen species in PASW, and their antimicrobial efficacy.

Combined effect of cold plasma-activated oxygen (CPAO) and microwave on microbial decontamination and quality of milkshake powder.

This study presents a new method combining cold plasma-activated oxygen (CPAO) and microwave (MW) to decontaminate milkshake powder, exploring its effectiveness, mechanisms, and quality impact. CPAO (6 min) alone reduced bacterial load by 0.419 log CFU/g, and MW (3 min) by 0.

Simultaneous determination of multiple quality indices of dried shrimp (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii) during storage using Raman spectroscopy.

Background: Dried shrimp is a high-value fishery product worldwide, but rapid and accurate assessment of its quality remains challenging. In the present study, a new method based on Raman spectroscopy was developed for assessing the quality changes in dried shrimp (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii) during storage.

Results: A high-quality Raman spectrum of astaxanthin (AST) was obtained from the third abdominal segment of dried shrimp.

Thermal aging of polystyrene microplastics within mussels (Mytilus coruscus) under boiling and drying processing.

Aged microplastics (MPs) in the environment are a growing concern due to their higher ecological toxicity compared to pristine MPs. While previous studies have explored aging behaviors of MPs under various stress conditions, little is known about their aging during food processing. In this study, we investigated the effects of different thermal food processing methods on the aging of polystyrene (PS) MPs within mussels.

Intestinal glucose excretion: A potential mechanism for glycemic control.

The gut has been increasingly recognized in recent years as a pivotal organ in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Specifically, the profound and enduring improvement in glucose metabolism achieved through metabolic surgery to modify the anatomy of the gut has prompted scholars to acknowledge that the most effective strategy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves the gut. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of glucose metabolism by the gut encompass gut hormones, bile acids, intestinal gluconeogenesis, gut microbiota, and signaling interactions between the gut and other organs (liver, brain, adipose, etc.

Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Patients with Low Body Mass Index: a Propensity Score Matching Study.

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is known to improve the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with obesity. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of BS on patients with MS at low BMI levels. The study aims to assess the effect of BS on MS in patients with low BMI by comparing BS with medical therapy (MT).

A comparative study on the taste quality of Mytilus coruscus under different shucking treatments.

Shucking is an indispensable step in the preparation of cooked mussel products, as it facilitates the detachment of meat from the shell. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the effects of boiling, steaming, and microwaving on taste constituents in half-cooked mussel meat. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy revealed the key differential taste components of the different shucking groups.

Why plasma-activated water treatment reduced the malonaldehyde content in muscle foods.

An interesting phenomenon that plasma-activated water (PAW) treatment reduced the malonaldehyde (MDA) content in muscle foods was observed in both previous reports and the present study. However, the mechanism remains unclear. To clarify the theoretical basis of this phenomenon, the main reactive components in PAW were determined, and the changes in the fatty acid profile in tuna muscle after PAW treatment were analyzed.

Characteristics of myoglobin degradation by cold plasma and its pro-oxidative activity on lipid in washed fish muscle.

In this study, the degradation of myoglobin both in solution and in tuna muscle by cold plasma (CP) was investigated through ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, and the effect of the degradation products on lipid oxidation in washed turbot muscle (WTM) was explored. Results showed that heme in myoglobin was degraded upon CP treatment, from which a fluorescent product was formed and iron was released. The degradation products promoted lipid oxidation in WTM during cold storage, in which the released iron played an important role.

Cold plasma treated air improves the characteristic flavor of Dry-cured black carp through facilitating lipid oxidation.

In this study, the main reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in cold plasma treated air (CPTA) were determined, and their effects on lipid oxidation, fatty acid composition and volatile profile in dry-cured black carp were investigated. Results showed that ozone (O) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) were the main ROS/RNS, both of which were in a few mg/m to tens mg/m. Increased peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) level indicated CPTA promoted lipid oxidation in samples.

Effect of bariatric surgery versus medical therapy on long-term cardiovascular risk in low BMI Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: Reducing the risk of death due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important direction for diabetes prevention and treatment. The Chinese population with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a high risk of developing CVD at relatively low body mass index (BMI) levels. Currently, no studies have evaluated the effect of bariatric surgery versus medical therapy on long-term CVD risk in patients with T2D and low BMI.

Diversity and succession of the microbial community and its correlation with lipid oxidation in dry-cured black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) during storage.

This study aimed to achieve deeper insights into the microbiota composition and dynamic succession of the dry-cured black carp during storage using a high-throughput sequencing technique (HTS). The effect of lipid oxidation on microorganisms was also evaluated. Over 651 bacterial genera belonging to 37 phyla were identified.

Short versus long biliopancreatic limb in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Although laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is still widely accepted as a valid procedure in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there continues to be a significant controversy about how long the Roux and biliopancreatic limb should be bypassed for optimum results.

Aim: To assess the effect of a longer biliopancreatic limb (BPL) length on glycemic control after RYGB in T2DM patients.

Material And Methods: Eighty-four patients with uncontrolled T2DM who underwent RYGB between May 2010 and April 2017 were collected from the prospectively designed database.

Impact of metabolic surgery on 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Background: In recent years, many reports have highlighted that metabolic surgery may ameliorate the cardiovascular risk in morbidly obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, few studies have evaluated the long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk after metabolic surgery in T2D patients with a low body mass index (BMI).

Objectives: To use the Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China (China-PAR) equations and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine to assess the 10-year CVD risk in low-BMI T2D patients after metabolic surgery.

Achieving blood pressure targets and antihypertensive effects through metabolic surgery in type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension.

Aims: The effect of metabolic surgery compared with that of conventional therapy on target blood pressure (BP)and defined daily dose (DDD) of antihypertensive drugs in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with hypertension remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the differences in target BP and DDD between metabolic surgery and conventional treatment in T2DM patients with hypertension.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study of 535 diabetes patients who underwent metabolic surgery (n = 112) and medical treatment (n = 423).

The Use of Visceral Adiposity Index to Predict Diabetes Remission in Low BMI Chinese Patients After Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) is considered to be a reliable indicator for evaluation of visceral adipose dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk. However, no previous studies have reported the VAI variation after bariatric surgery and the predictive effect of preoperative VAI on diabetes remission. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether preoperative VAI is useful to predict diabetes remission in low BMI Chinese patients after bariatric surgery.

Detrimental Effect of C-Reactive Protein on the Cardiometabolic Cells and Its Rectifying by Metabolic Surgery in Obese Diabetic Patients.

Background: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-CRP) has been regarded as a biomarker of low-degree inflammation in illness; however, whether CRP exerts its pathogenic effect on the cardiometabolic system remains unknown. Aside from the beneficial effects of metabolic surgery on cardiometabolic system, its impact on inflammation still worth examining. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of CRP on adipose and vascular cells, and their responses to metabolic surgery in obese diabetic patients.

Potassium Iodide Potentiates Bacterial Killing by Helium Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an effective new antimicrobial approach that is gaining increasing attention and has a wide range of potential applications in biomedical fields. Among all of the bactericidal factors generated by CAP, the synergy of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species is generally considered as the main reason for its high bactericidal efficiency. However, the produced RNS (such as nitrite) may also pose potential risks to human health.

Circ-IGF1R has pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects in HCC by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of widespread and diverse endogenous RNAs, have been identified as critical regulators of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific roles of circRNAs in HCC are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, circ-IGF1R, in HCC tumour tissues and cell lines.