[Ectopic biliary varices as a cause of portal biliopathy and mechanical jaundice syndrome].

The authors consider ectopic biliary varices as a possible cause of portal biliopathy in extrahepatic portal hypertension. The main diagnostic methods including ultrasound CT, MRI, endoscopic ultrasonography, cholangioscopy, difficulties of differential diagnosis and clinical manifestations of portal biliopathy are presented. Various treatment options including portosystemic shunting and endoscopic biliary decompression are discussed.

[Ectopic duodenal varices as a cause of difficult diagnosis of bleeding in extrahepatic portal hypertension].

Bleeding from ectopic varicose veins is a rare life-threatening cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Alberti first described duodenal varices in 1931. According to the literature, incidence of duodenal varicose veins in patients with portal hypertension is 1-3% of all varicose veins.

[Self-expanding nitinol stents for bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension].

Blakemore probe-obturator was previously preferable for primary hemostasis in patients with bleeding from esophageal varices. Currently, Danis self-expanding nitinol stent became an effective alternative. According to some manufacturers, Danis stent has some advantages over balloon tamponade.

[Expression of plasminogen activator system components in the gastric mucosa in portal hypertensive gastropathy].

Objective: to study the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the gastric mucosal (GM) vascular endothelium and epithelial cells of patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and those with portal hypertension (PH) without signs of PHG as compared to a control group.

Material And Methods: GM biopsy specimens from patients with PHG, those with PH without signs of PHG, and controls with the normal gastric mucosa were immunohistochemically examined.

Results: Comparison of the expression of uPA in the GM vascular endothelium and epithelial vessels revealed no significant differences in the patient groups.

[Portal hypertensive gastropathy].

In spite of a great number of publications, as yet there is no agreement that which of the detected morphological changes should be considered pathognomonic in portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG). The study of the pathogenesis of PHG suggested a diversity of mechanisms involved in varying degrees in the development of this abnormality. The paper summarizes the data available in the literature on the role of endothelial dysfunction, apoptosis, damaging factors, and H.

[Surgical treatment of portal hypertension: the state of art].

The article highlights modern approaches to the treatment of portal hypertension. The differential tactics is based on the type of portal hypertension, functional liver state, urgency of the situation and severity of blood loss, localization and stage of varices, concomitant diseases, etc. The role of miniinvasive methods is stressed.

[Portal gastropathy: diagnosis, classification].

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a complex of secondary macroscopic and microscopic changes in the mucous layer of the stomach, resulting from portal hypertension of any origin. The overall prevalence of PHG ranges from 9.1 to 80%.

[The modification of the M.D. Patsiora's operation by portal hypertension].

The direct transcutaneous transhepatic portography was performed in 85 patients with hystologically confirmed liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension and varices of the esophagus and stomach. It was found out, that the left gastric vein partakes the varicous transformation in 100% of cases. The least had an isolated division in 27% of the studied patients.

[Pathogenesis of esophageal and gastric varicose veins formation in patients with liver cirrhosis].

Research Objective: studying the features of the collateral venous blood flow and the basic ways of the formation of gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Methods: The following analysis is based on the interpretation of results from percutaneous transhepatic splenoportography in 85 patients. It has been established that in all 85 patients the left gastric vein plays a key role in the formation of gastroesophageal varices.

[Aneurysm of the thoracic aorta with esophageal perforation].

Aneurysms of a chest department of an aorta with esophageal perforation two cases are presented and a lethal outcome. Difficulties in diagnostics have been caused by rare occurrence of the given pathology, insufficient experience of clinical physicians, and also absence during supervision of characteristic attributes Aortoesophageal Fistula.

[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach. A case report].

Clinical supervision diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the stomach at the patient of young age is presented. Difficulties of the differential diagnostics of lymphom have been caused by macroscopical polyphormism. With the purpose of verification of disease are used the chromoendoscopy and immunohistochemical research.

[Conservative treatment of giant gastric ulcer].

Clinical supervision of successful conservative treatment of the patient with a huge stomach ulcer with use in the course of performance endoscopic a metabolic homeostasis of solutions of glucose and ascorbic acid of 5%, and also pH-chromoscopy and capillary gastrointestinal a tube is presented.

[Hemorrhagic shock. A new concept of endoscopic hemostasis and prospects of the non-surgical treatment of ulcer and gastroduodenal hemorrhages complicated by hemorrhagic shock].

A new direction with the use of endoscopic hemostasis (EH) was offered in the complex program of metabolic rehabilitation of patients with ulcerous gastroduodenal bleedings (UGDB) and hemorrhagic shock (HS). There was a study of the results of treatment of 44 patients (29 men and 15 women at the age from 61 to 77) with severe concurrent diseases and UGDB complicated with HS. Recurrences of UGDB in case of HS are a factor of high operative-anesthetic risk.

[Use of a gastrointestinal tube in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer].

The trial of a gastrointestinal tube in gastroduodenal ulcer indicates its high efficiency for enteral tube feeding in serious ulcer cases and as a therapeutic modality in noncomplicated cases. The tube introduction in 55 patients out of 89 promoted the defect healing within 2-3 weeks, in 30 out of 36 cicatrization occurred on week 3-5. The presence of the tube produced no effect on acid production in the stomach, cicatrization of the ulcer took place without basic therapy in remaining hypo-achlorhydria and hyperchlorhydria.