Long-term rice-crayfish farming alters soil dissolved organic carbon quality and biodegradability by regulating microbial metabolism and iron oxidation.

The biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a crucial process in the migration and transformation of soil organic carbon (SOC), and play a vital role in the global soil carbon (C) cycle. Although the significance of DOC in SOC transportation and microbial utilization is widely acknowledged, the impact of long-term rice-crayfish (RC) farming on the content, quality, and biodegradability of DOC in paddy soils, as well as regulatory mechanisms involved, remains unclear. To address this gap, a space-for-time method was employed to investigate the effects of different RC farming durations (1-, 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20- years) on the quality and biodegradability of DOC, as well as their relationship with soil microbial metabolism and minerals in this study.

Ammonium enhances rice resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae through HO accumulation.

Nitrogen (N) is essential for the physiological processes of plants. However, the specific mechanisms by which different nitrogen forms influence rice blast pathogenesis remain poorly understood. This study used hydroponic assays to explore how ammonium (NH) and nitrate (NO) affect rice after inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae (M.

Potassium deficiency enhances imbalances in rice water relations under water deficit by decreasing leaf hydraulic conductance.

Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for appropriate plant development and physiology. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the regulation of leaf water relations by K under water deficit. A pot experiment with two K supplies of 0.

Photosynthetic plasticity aggravates the susceptibility of magnesium-deficient leaf to high light in rapeseed plants: the importance of Rubisco and mesophyll conductance.

Plants grown under low magnesium (Mg) soils are highly susceptible to encountering light intensities that exceed the capacity of photosynthesis (A), leading to a depression of photosynthetic efficiency and eventually to photooxidation (i.e., leaf chlorosis).

Loading test on the oil tank ground settlement performance monitored by an optical parallel scheme.

A loading test of the ground settlement (GS) performance of the oil tank must be examined before beginning its commercial service. This test requires the sensors to be installed around the oil tank, and the GS is measured while water is being filled in, where the liquid level is read with an ultrasonic radar equipment, etc., to indicate the applied water loads.

Non-destructive monitoring method for leaf area of based on image processing and deep learning.

Introduction: Leaves are important organs for photosynthesis in plants, and the restriction of leaf growth is among the earliest visible effects under abiotic stress such as nutrient deficiency. Rapidly and accurately monitoring plant leaf area is of great importance in understanding plant growth status in modern agricultural production.

Method: In this paper, an image processing-based non-destructive monitoring device that includes an image acquisition device and image process deep learning net for acquiring (rapeseed) leaf area is proposed.

Potassium deficiency stress reduces Rubisco activity in Brassica napus leaves by subcellular acidification decreasing photosynthetic rate.

Under potassium (K) deficiency photosynthetic carboxylation capacities are limited, affecting the photosynthetic rate of plants. However, it is not clear how ionic K within plants regulates carboxylation capacities. Therefore, the photosynthetic rate (A), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.

A novel role for YPEL2 in mediating endothelial cellular senescence via the p53/p21 pathway.

Yippee-like 2 (YPEL2) is expressed in tissues and organs enriched in vascular networks, such as heart, kidney, and lung. However, the roles of YPEL2 in endothelial cell senescence and the expression of YPEL2 in atherosclerotic plaques have not yet been investigated. Here, we report the essential role of YPEL2 in promoting senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the upregulation of YPEL2 in human atherosclerotic plaques.

Effects of optimized nitrogen fertilizer management on the yield, nitrogen uptake, and ammonia volatilization of direct-seeded rice.

Background: Direct-seeded rice has been developed rapidly because of labor savings. Changes in rice cultivation methods put forward new requirements for nitrogen (N) fertilizer management practices. Field experiments with five different fertilizer ratios of basal, tillering and panicle fertilizer, namely N1 (10:0:0), N2 (6:2:2), N3 (4:3:3), N4 (2:4:4) and N5 (0:5:5), were conducted to investigate the effects of different N fertilizer management practices on yield formation, N uptakes, and ammonia (NH ) volatilization from paddy fields in direct-seeded rice.

LncRNA NIPA1-SO confers atherosclerotic protection by suppressing the transmembrane protein NIPA1.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important players in gene regulation and cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of lncRNAs in atherosclerosis are poorly understood. In the present study, we found that the levels of NIPA1-SO were decreased while those of NIPA1 were increased in human atherosclerotic plaques.

Sufficient potassium improves inorganic phosphate-limited photosynthesis in Brassica napus by enhancing metabolic phosphorus fractions and Rubisco activity.

Crop photosynthesis (A) and productivity are often limited by a combination of nutrient stresses, such that changes in the availability of one nutrient may affect the availability of another nutrient, in turn influencing A. In this study, we examined the synergistic effects of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on leaf A in a nutrient amendment experiment, in which P and K were added individually or in combination to Brassica napus grown under P and K co-limitation. The data revealed that the addition of P gradually removed the dominant limiting factor (i.

Optimizing phosphate fertilizer input to reduce phosphorus loss in rice-oilseed rape rotation.

Identifying the major sources and critical periods of P loss from agricultural fields provides important guidance for reducing P loss. A rice-oilseed rape rotation with no P fertilization (NP, control), medium P fertilization (MP, 90 kg PO ha season), and high P fertilization (HP, 180 kg PO ha season) was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in the middle Yangtze River Basin. Runoff and leaching P losses were measured simultaneously using runoff event monitoring and a percolation device.

VisuMax Flap 2.0: a flap plus technique to reduce incidence of an opaque bubble layer in femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of an opaque bubble layer (OBL) in femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) flaps created with VisuMax Flap 2.0 as a result of a modification in the parameters of the flap programming.

Methods: This retrospective study was comprised of 1400 eyes of 715 patients who received FS-LASIK surgery.

Potassium availability influences the mesophyll structure to coordinate the conductance of CO and H O during leaf expansion.

Leaf growth relies on photosynthesis and hydraulics to provide carbohydrates and expansion power; in turn, leaves intercept light and construct organism systems for functioning. Under potassium (K) deficiency stress, leaf area, photosynthesis and hydraulics are all affected by alterations in leaf structure. However, the connection between changes in leaf growth and function caused by the structure under K regulation is unclear.

Potassium Deficiency in Rice Aggravates Infection and Ultimately Leads to Alterations in Endophyte Communities and Suppression of Nutrient Uptake.

Sheath rot disease is an emerging fungal disease in rice, whose infection causes severe yield loss. () is the major causal agent. Previous study has demonstrated that rice deficiency in potassium (K) aggravates infection.

Rapid soil rewetting promotes limited NO emissions and suppresses NH volatilization under urea addition.

The alternation of dry and wet is an important environmental factor affecting the emission of nitrous oxide from soil. However, the consistent or opposite effects on NH and NO emissions caused by adding exogenous urea in this process have not been fully considered. Here, we controlled the initial (slow drying) and final (adding water) water-filled pore space (WFPS) at 70%, 60%, or 50% through microculture experiment to simulate a process of slow drying-fertilization and rapid wetting of the soil from rice harvest to dryland crop fertilization.

Straw incorporation improved the adsorption of potassium by increasing the soil humic acid in macroaggregates.

Straw incorporation has been broadly demonstrated to be effective for the maintenance of soil potassium (K) fertility in farmlands, which increases K and carbon (C) inputs and improves soil stability due to aggregate formation and physiochemical bonding. However, the response of K retention in aggregate fractions (AFs) to soil organic carbon (SOC) changes is poorly understood. Field trials under a completely random experimental design considering two factors, straw return and K fertilization, were conducted to study the comprehensive effects of SOC and various AFs on soil K adsorption.

Potassium regulates diel leaf growth of Brassica napus by coordinating the rhythmic carbon supply and water balance.

Carbon and water are two main factors limiting leaf expansion. Restriction of leaf growth by low availability of carbon or water is among the earliest visible effects of potassium (K) deficiency. It is not known how K is involved in regulating the rhythmic supply of these two substrates, which differ remarkably across the day-night cycle, affecting leaf expansion.

Access to -Difluoroalkenes via Organic Photoredox-Catalyzed -Difluoroallylation of Alkyl Iodides.

An organic photoredox-catalyzed -difluoroallylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes with alkyl iodides via C-F bond cleavage for the synthesis of -difluoroalkene derivatives is reported. This transition-metal-free transformation utilized a readily available organic dye 4CzIPN as the sole photocatalyst and employed a common chemical ,,','-tetramethylethylenediamine as the radical activator of alkyl iodides via halogen-atom transfer. In addition, a variety of iodides, including primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl iodides, were tolerated and provided good to high yields.

Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Changes Induced by Potassium Deficiency During Sarocladium oryzae Infection Reveal Insights into Rice Sheath Rot Disease Resistance.

Rice sheath rot disease caused by Sarocladium oryzae (S. oryzae) infection is an emerging disease, and infection can cause yield losses of 20-85%. Adequate potassium (K) application is a feasible strategy for rice tolerance to S.

Potassium modulates central carbon metabolism to participate in regulating CO transport and assimilation in Brassica napus leaves.

Potassium (K) regulates plant metabolism and enhances plant's ability to adapt to adversity. However, under different K deficiency stress, the net photosynthetic rate (A) was reduced, influenced by CO conductance or biochemical capacities. The interplay between metabolome and photosynthetic characteristics under K deficiency stress was analyzed to explore the mechanisms by which K regulates photosynthetic capacity.

The Long Noncoding RNA RP11-728F11.4 Promotes Atherosclerosis.

Objective: Noncoding RNAs are emerging as important players in gene regulation and cardiovascular diseases. Their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the role played by a previously uncharacterized long noncoding RNA, RP11-728F11.

Anatomically induced changes in rice leaf mesophyll conductance explain the variation in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency under contrasting nitrogen supply.

Background: The ratio of CO mesophyll conductance (g) to Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content has been suggested to positively affect photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). The anatomical basis of g has been quantified, but information on the relationship between cell-level anatomies and PNUE is less advanced. Here, hydroponic experiments were conducted in rice plants supplied with ammonium (NH) and nitrate (NO) under three N levels (low, 0.

Long noncoding RNA ZNF800 suppresses proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by upregulating PTEN and inhibiting AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling.

Background And Aims: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been implicated in many biological and disease processes, but the exact mechanism of their involvement in atherosclerosis is unclear. The aberrant proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a major contributor to the development of atherosclerotic lesions. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of lncRNA ZNF800, a previously uncharacterized lncRNA, on VSMC proliferation and migration.