A novel framework unveiling the importance of heterogeneous selection and drift on the community structure of symbiotic microbial indicator taxa across altitudinal gradients in amphibians.

Unlabelled: Existing analytical frameworks for community assembly have a noticeable knowledge gap, lacking a comprehensive assessment of the relative contributions of individual or grouped microbial distinct sampling units (DSUs) and distinct taxonomic units (DTUs) to each mechanism. Here, we propose a comprehensive framework for identifying DTUs/DSUs that remarkably contribute to the various mechanisms sustaining microbial community structure. Amphibian symbiotic microbes along an altitudinal gradient from Sichuan Province, China, were employed to examine the proposed statistical framework.

Ten-day vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy versus 14-day esomeprazole-amoxicillin dual therapy for first-line eradication: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: The efficacy of the 14-day esomeprazole-amoxicillin (EA) dual therapy in eradicating () has been widely discussed previously. Vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, presents rapid, potent, and long-lasting acid inhibitory effects compared to esomeprazole. However, there is currently a scarcity of direct comparisons between the 10-day vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) and the 14-day EA dual therapy for eradication.

[Research progress on in vitro effects of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients on liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferases].

UDP-glucuronosyltransferases(UGTs) are the main phase Ⅱ metabolizing enzymes in the human body, participating in the glucuronidation of various chemicals in the body. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) ingredients affect the activities of UGTs involved in drug metabolism, and the fluctuations in the blood concentrations of drugs metabolized by UGTs will lead to the risk of TCM-TCM or TCM-chemical drug interaction, which will cause drug safety problems and affect drug efficacy. Therefore, it is essential to explore the effect of TCM ingredients on the activities of UGTs.

Combined urine proteomics and metabolomics analysis for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic monitoring is paramount to clinical decision-making and the host biomarkers appears to play a significant role. The currently available diagnostic technology for TB detection is inadequate. In the present study, we aimed to identify biomarkers for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using urinary metabolomic and proteomic analysis.

Association between systemic inflammation markers and cardiovascular mortality in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background And Aim: Identifying metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality remains an unmet clinical need. We investigated the ability of four systemic inflammation markers to identify cardiovascular mortality risk in MASLD patients.

Methods And Results: This cohort study included 4787 MASLD patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 through 2018.

Head-to-head study of [F]FAPI-04 PET/CT and [F]FDG PET/CT for non-invasive assessment of liver cancer and its immunohistochemical markers.

Objective: To compare the performance of [F]FDG and [F]FAPI-04 in PET/CT evaluation for liver cancer lesions, with a further exploration of the associations between PET semiquantitative data and immunohistochemical markers to liver cancer.

Methods: Patients with suspected malignant liver lesions (MLL) underwent [F]FDG and [F]FAPI-04 PET/CT scanning. Liver lesions were visually classified as positive or negative based on their uptake level exceeding that of adjacent normal liver tissue.

CD8+ T cells infiltrating into tumors were controlled by immune status of pulmonary lymph nodes and correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients' prognosis treated with chemoimmunotherapy.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has the potential to reduce tumor burden, improve the pathological complete response (pCR) rate, and significantly prolong patients' disease-free survival (DFS). However, the treatment's effectiveness varies among NSCLC patients. The immunological mechanisms contributing to tumor regression still require further exploration and elucidation.

High-performance electromagnetic wave absorption in FeS/SnS@multi-walled carbon nanotube composites with honeycomb-shaped structure.

In this work, we synthesized composites of ferrous disulfide and tin disulfide with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a straightforward hydrothermal method. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes significantly enhanced the dielectric loss capability of the composites. When the filling ratio of FeS/SnS@CNTs (20 wt%) in paraffin was 40%, the effective absorption bandwidth was 3.

Facile construction of dual-response super-resolution probes for tracking organelles dynamics.

Super-resolution imaging techniques, such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM), have enabled researchers to obtain nanoscale organelle-level outputs in living systems, but they impose additional stringent requirements on fluorescence probes. However, high-performance, custom-designed SIM probes that can explain underlying biological processes remain unavailable. Herein, a customizable engineering toolkit is developed for the facile assembly of SIM probes suitable for subcellular component detection.

Effects of the interaction between body mass index and dietary patterns on severe NAFLD incidence: A prospective cohort study.

Background: It remains unclear whether the associations between dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) vary by body mass index (BMI). We aimed to explore the association between dietary patterns and severe NAFLD incidence, and further investigate the interaction of BMI with dietary patterns.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study using UK Biobank data, we included White participants with baseline food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) information.

Role of [F]FAPI-04 in staging and therapeutic management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: prospective comparison with [F]FDG PET/CT.

Background: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has some limitations in diagnosis of Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Materials And Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed ICC who underwent both [F]FDG and F-labeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitors ([F]FAPI)-04 PET/CT were prospectively analyzed. The maximum standard uptake value (SUV), tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), [F]FAPI-avid tumor volume (FTV), total lesion fibroblast activation protein expression (TLF) were compared between the two modalities by paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test, and McNemar's test was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy between the two techniques.

Effect of caffeine intake on self-reported and genetic prediction of osteoarthritis: an epidemiological study and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) holds the distinction of being the most widespread musculoskeletal disorder. Any disruptions in the integrity of the articular cartilage can result in joint malfunction, discomfort, and impaired physical functioning. Increasing evidence indicates the negative impacts of caffeine intake on hyaline cartilage.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of six components in normal and rheumatoid arthritis rats after intragastrical administration of Qianghuo Shengshi Decoction granules by LC-MS/MS.

Objective: To investigate the plasma pharmacokinetics of six representative components (nodakenin, osthole, 5--methylvisammioside, ferulic acid, liquiritigenin, and liquiritin), which were the ingredients of Qianghuo Shengshi Decoction (QSD) granules, in normal and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats administrated QSD granules intragastrically.

Methods: A rapid and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of six components in plasma, and it showed a good specificity, linearity, intra-day and inter-day precision, intra-day and inter-day accuracy, extraction recovery, stability, and the less matrix effect.

Results: The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully used to compare the plasma pharmacokinetics of six ingredients between normal and RA rats after intragastrical administration of QSD granules and differences in the pharmacokinetics were found in two types of rats.

Pulmonary delivery of magnolol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for COPD treatment.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent lung condition characterized by airflow obstruction, disability, and high mortality rates. Magnolol (MA), known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, holds the potential for alleviating COPD symptoms. However, MA faces challenges like poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability.

Biotic interactions and environmental modifications determine symbiotic microbial diversity and stability.

Taking amphibians as island models, we examined the effects of interspecific interaction on the diversity and stability of microbial ecological. As skin area increased, the diversity and stability of skin microbes decreased, but the strength of negative interactions increased significantly. In contrast, as gut area increased, the diversity and stability of gut microbes increased, but the strength of interactions remained constant.

Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids Combined with Function-Associated ScRNA-Seq for Dissecting the Local Immune Response of Lung Cancer.

In vitro models coupled with multimodal approaches are needed to dissect the dynamic response of local tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to immunotherapy. Here the patient-derived primary lung cancer organoids (pLCOs) are generated by isolating tumor cell clusters, including the infiltrated immune cells. A function-associated single-cell RNA sequencing (FascRNA-seq) platform allowing both phenotypic evaluation and scRNA-seq at single-organoid level is developed to dissect the TIME of individual pLCOs.

Identification of JUN gene and cellular microenvironment in response to PD-1 blockade treatment in lung cancer patients via single-cell RNA sequencing.

Exploring the molecular mechanisms of PD-1/PDL-1 blockade for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) would facilitate understanding for tumor microenvironment (TME) and development of individualized medicine. To date, biomarkers of response to PD-1 blockade therapy were still limited. In this study, we hypothesize that cell type in the tumor microenvironment can influence the effect of PD-1 blockade immunotherapy through specific genes.

Metabolomics analysis of physicochemical properties associated with freshness degradation in frozen Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba).

This study aimed to determine the effect of different frozen temperatures during storage on the quality of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and assess the change at the metabolite level via a combination of physicochemical property analysis, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based non-targeted metabolomics profiling. Regarding samples stored at -20 °C, the expressions of 7055 metabolites were elevated, while 2313 were downregulated. Lipids and lipid molecules had the highest proportion of differential metabolites.

Mitochondrial Protein TAMM41 Modulates Depressive-like Behaviors.

Several lines of evidence have highlighted the crucial role of mitochondria-based therapy in depression. However, there are still less mitochondrial targets for the depression treatment. TAM41 mitochondrial translocator assembly and maintenance homolog (TAMM41) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein for maintaining mitochondrial function, which is tightly related to many brain diseases including Alzheimer's diseases and epilepsy.

Notch Signaling Inhibition Alleviates Allergies Caused by Antarctic Krill Tropomyosin through Improving Th1/Th2 Imbalance and Modulating Gut Microbiota.

Antarctic krill tropomyosin (AkTM) has been shown in mice to cause IgE-mediated food allergy. The objective of this work was to investigate the role of Notch signaling in AkTM-sensitized mice, as well as to determine the changes in gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the allergic mice. An AkTM-induced food allergy mouse model was built and -[-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)--alanyl]--phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) was used as an γ-secretase inhibitor to inhibit the activation of Notch signaling.

Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress on autophagy and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells in intervertebral disc degeneration and its related mechanisms.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common and frequent disease in orthopedics, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-regulated autophagy and apoptosis play an important role in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in IVDD. Hypoxia and serum deprivation were used to induce NP cells.