Contrasting Responses of Smoke Dispersion and Fire Emissions to Aerosol-Radiation Interaction during the Largest Australian Wildfires in 2019-2020.

The record-breaking 2019-2020 Australian wildfires have been primarily linked to climate change and its internal variability. However, the meteorological feedback mechanisms affecting smoke dispersion and wildfire emissions on a synoptic scale remain unclear. This study focused on the largest wildfires occurring between December 25, 2019 and January 10, 2020, under the enhanced subtropical high, when the double peak in wildfire evolution was favored by sustained low humidity and two synchronous increases in temperature and wind.

Isoginkgetin Inhibits RANKL-induced Osteoclastogenesis and Alleviates Bone Loss.

Osteoporosis is characterized by excessive osteoclast activity leading to bone loss, decreased bone mineral density, and increased susceptibility to fractures. Through in vivo/vitro experiments, along with network pharmacology analysis, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of Isoginkgetin (IGG) in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, providing valuable insights for further research in the future. Firstly, we ascertained the safe concentration of IGG stimulation on BMMs, followed by a systematic exploration of the concentration gradient at which IGG inhibited osteoclastogenesis using TRAP analysis.

Immunoglobulin G glycosylation and its alterations in aging-related diseases.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is an important serum glycoprotein and a major component of antibodies. Glycans on IgG affect the binding of IgG to the Fc receptor or complement C1q, which in turn affects the biological activity and biological function of IgG. Altered glycosylation patterns on IgG emerge as important biomarkers in the aging process and age-related diseases.

Sophoraflavanone G Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Osteoporosis is a common chronic bone metabolism disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and reduced bone density in the bone tissue. Osteoporosis can lead to increased fragility of the skeleton, making it prone to brittle fractures. Osteoclasts are macrophage-like cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells, and their excessive activity in bone resorption leads to lower bone formation than absorption during bone remodeling, which is one of the important factors inducing osteoporosis.

Iodine-Catalyzed Cyclization of -Nitrothiophenols with Cyclohexanones to Phenothiazines.

Here, a novel iodine-catalyzed direct cyclization of -nitrothiophenols with cyclohexanones to phenothiazines has been described without external oxidants and hydrogen acceptors. The nitro of -nitrothiophenol works as both a hydrogen acceptor and a coupling group, and water is the only byproduct. The reaction involves the reduction of nitro groups, C-H bond thioetherification, and C-H bond dehydroaromatization.

Restoring bone-fat equilibrium: Baicalin's impact on P38 MAPK pathway for treating diabetic osteoporosis.

Diabetes can lead to a disorder of bone-fat balance, a significant cause of osteoporosis due to changes in environmental factors. Baicalin (Bai), an active ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis, has been confirmed to possess antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-osteoporotic effects. However, a comprehensive understanding of Bai's influence on diabetic osteoporosis (DOP), including its effects and underlying mechanisms, remains elusive.

[Characteristics of resting energy expenditure and evaluation of prediction formulas in young men with different body mass indexes].

Objective: To compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) characteristics among young men with different body mass indexes (BMI).

Methods: Thirty young men [average age was (26.93±4.

Palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation of α-cyclohexene-substituted nitriles to α-aryl nitriles.

The development of a practical, inexpensive, and cyanide-free method for synthesizing α-aryl nitriles remains a challenging goal in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report an approach for synthesizing α-aryl nitriles toward achieving this goal, by which α-cyclohexenyl acetonitriles and α-cyclohexenyl alkenyl nitriles are dehydrogenated to α-aryl nitriles.

KAT8/SIRT7-mediated Fascin-K41 acetylation/deacetylation regulates tumor metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (Fascin) is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), working as an important oncogenic protein and promoting the migration and invasion of cancer cells by bundling F-actin to facilitate the formation of filopodia and invadopodia. However, it is not clear how exactly the function of Fascin is regulated by acetylation in cancer cells. Here, in ESCC cells, the histone acetyltransferase KAT8 catalyzed Fascin lysine 41 (K41) acetylation, to inhibit Fascin-mediated F-actin bundling and the formation of filopodia and invadopodia.

Impact of aerosol-boundary layer interactions on PM pollution during cold air pool events in a semi-arid urban basin.

Global emission reductions still must address winter fine particulate matter (PM) pollution in urban basins with enclosed terrains and frequent cold air pool (CAP) events when the temperatures within the basin are colder than above it. The effects of urban basin aerosol-boundary layer interactions on PM pollution during CAP events remain unclear. Intensive boundary layer observations in January 2021 and numerical models were used to investigate this issue in the semi-arid urban Lanzhou Basin of China.

Dry and wet experiments reveal diagnostic clustering and immune landscapes of cuproptosis patterns in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Cuproptosis is a new manner of mitochondrial cell death induced by copper. There is evidence that serum copper has a crucial impact on ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by copper-induced inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanisms of cuproptosis modulators in AS remain unknown.

Direct Synthesis of Esters from Alkylarenes and Carboxylic Acids: The C-H Bond Dehydroesterification.

Herein, a reaction in which the benzyl C-H bonds of alkylarenes are directly esterified by carboxylic acids to produce benzyl esters in high yields is reported. This reaction is catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on -doped carbon (CN) composites based on a carbonizing Al-MIL-101(NH) material, and no oxidants or hydrogen acceptors are required. Use of -alkylbenzoic acids as substrates leads to phthalides, whereas with carboxylic acids and alkylarenes as the feedstock, the reaction produces the benzyl esters.

Co-Expression of Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 Subunit A and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Is a Prognostic Biomarker of Esophageal Cancer.

(1) Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is an important global health challenge. Due to the lack of necessary biomarkers and therapeutic targets, the survival of EC patients is poor. The EC proteomic data of 124 patients recently published by our group provides a database for research in this field.

Bioinformatics identification and experimental validation of m6A-related diagnostic biomarkers in the subtype classification of blood monocytes from postmenopausal osteoporosis patients.

Background: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common bone disorder. Existing study has confirmed the role of exosome in regulating RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation as therapies in osteoporosis. However, it still stays unclear on the roles of m6A modulators derived from serum exosome in PMOP.

Chlorogenic acid intake guidance: Sources, health benefits, and safety.

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is widely present in plant foods and has attracted much attention due to biological activities such as those which are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral. It plays a role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, improving insulin resistance, and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The estimated dietary intake of CGA is 5 to 1000 mg/d.

A review of the technology and applications of methods for evaluating the transport of air pollutants.

A variety of methods based on air quality models, including tracer methods, the brute-force method (BFM), decoupled direct method (DDM), high-order decoupled direct method (HDDM), response surface models (RSMs) and so on forth, have been widely used to study the transport of air pollutants. These methods have good applicability for the transport of air pollutants with simple formation mechanisms. However, differences in research conclusions on secondary pollutants with obvious nonlinear characteristics have been reported.

Insights into multidimensional transport flux from vertical observation and numerical simulation in two cities in North China.

This study represents the first quantitative evaluation of pollution transport budget within the boundary layer of typical cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from the perspective of horizontal and vertical exchanges and further discusses the impact of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)-free troposphere (FT) exchange on concentration of fine particulate matter (PM) within the ABL during heavy pollution. From the perspective of the transport flux balance relationship, differences in pollution transport characteristics between the two cities is mainly reflected in the ABL-FT exchange effect. The FT mainly flowed into the ABL in BJ, while in SJZ, the outflow from the ABL to the FT was more intense.

Myristic acid alleviates hippocampal aging correlated with GABAergic signaling.

Previous studies have shown that myristic acid (MA), a saturated fatty acid, could promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells . However, the effect of MA on hippocampal neurons aging has not been reported . Here we employed 22-month-old naturally aged C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the effect and mechanism of MA on hippocampal aging.

Zuogui Pill Ameliorates Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis through ZNF702P-Based ceRNA Network: Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a musculoskeletal disease with increased fracture risk caused by long-term application of glucocorticoid, but there exist few effective interventions. Zuogui Pill (ZGP) has achieved clinical improvement for GIOP as an ancient classical formula, but its molecular mechanisms remain unclear due to scanty relevant studies. This study aimed to excavate the effective compounds and underlying mechanism of ZGP in treating GIOP and construct relative ceRNA network by using integrated analysis of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

The post-translational modification of Fascin: impact on cell biology and its associations with inhibiting tumor metastasis.

The post-translational modifications (PTMs), which are crucial in the regulation of protein functions, have great potential as biomarkers of cancer status. Fascin (Fascin actin-bundling protein 1, FSCN1), a key protein in the formation of filopodia that is structurally based on actin filaments (F-actin), is significantly associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Studies have revealed various regulatory mechanisms of human Fascin, including PTMs.

Chronic Cold Exposure Leads to Daytime Preference in the Circadian Expression of Hepatic Metabolic Genes.

Circadian control allows organisms to anticipate and adapt to environmental changes through changes in physiology and behavior. The circadian system timing is entrained by cues, such as light, food, and temperature. An ambient temperature dramatically impacts the sleep-wake cycle and metabolic rhythmicity.

Zuo-Gui-Wan Aqueous Extract Ameliorates Glucocorticoid-Induced Spinal Osteoporosis of Rats by Regulating let-7f and Autophagy.

Objective: This study proposes to explore the protective effect of Zuo-Gui-Wan (ZGW) aqueous extract on spinal glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) and , and the underlying mechanisms of ZGW in GIOP and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were conducted.

Methods: , SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CON), dexamethasone (DEXM) group, and ZGW group, which were given vehicle, DEXM injection, and ZGW intragastric administration at the same time. Vertebral bone microarchitecture, biomechanics, histomorphology, serum AKP activity, and the autophagosome of osteoblasts were examined.

Chemical characteristics and regional transport of submicron particulate matter at a suburban site near Lanzhou, China.

Lanzhou, which is a valley city on the Loess Plateau, frequently suffered from aerosol pollution in recent years, especially in winter. However, the lack of understanding of factors governing aerosol pollution limits the implementation of effective emission policies in and around Lanzhou. To help solve this problem, an intensive field campaign was conducted at the SACOL site, which is a suburban site near Lanzhou, in winter 2018.

AKT serine/threonine kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of fascin threonine 403 regulates esophageal cancer progression.

Fascin is the main actin-bundling protein in filopodia and is highly expressed in metastatic tumor cells. The overexpression of Fascin has been associated with poor clinical prognosis and metastatic progression. Post-translational modifications of Fascin, such as phosphorylation, can affect the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by regulating the actin-bundling activity of Fascin.

White-matter microstructural alterations in patients with functional constipation: A tract-based spatial statistics study.

Background: Highly prevalent functional constipation (FC) belongs to the category of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated brain functional and morphometric changes in patients with FC. However, whether FC is associated with white-matter (WM) microstructural alterations remains unclear.