Early efforts in cystic fibrosis (CF) gene therapy faced major challenges in delivery efficiency and sustained therapeutic gene expression. Recent advancements in engineered site-specific endonucleases such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 make permanent CF transmembrane conductance regulator () gene correction possible. However, because of safety concerns of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and challenges in delivery to inflamed CF airway, CRISPR-based gene correction strategies need to be tested in proper animal models.
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