A novel nuclear receptor NR1D1 suppresses HSD17B12 transcription to regulate granulosa cell apoptosis and autophagy via the AMPK pathway in sheep.

Dominant follicular development and atresia are governed by the proliferation of granulosa cells (GCs), a process influenced by the delicate balance between apoptosis and autophagy. Oxidative stress, a pivotal catalyst of GCs apoptosis, modulates gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms underpinning GCs functionality in relation to prolificacy remain inadequately elucidated.

Manipulating σ-Hole Interactions in Halogenated Additives for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells with 19.8 % Efficiency.

The incorporation of volatile solid additives has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the influence of the electronic structure of these additives on morphological evolution remains insufficiently understood. Herein, 1,4-Dibromobenzene (DBB) and 1,4-Difluoro-2,5-dibromobenzene (DFBB) are introduced as volatile additives into OSCs.

Synthesis of Cationic Cyclic Oligo(disulfide)s via Cyclo-Depolymerization: A Redox-Responsive and Potent Antibacterial Reagent.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and synthetic topologically defined peptide mimics have been developed as alternatives to traditional small-molecule antibiotics. AMP mimetics arising from linear polymers used widely in preclinical studies have shown promise but have limited stability. Oligomers possessing cyclic topology have been proposed to have increased stability but remain understudied due to synthetic challenges and concerns over cytotoxicity.

Development and validation of a CT-based radiomic nomogram for predicting surgical resection risk in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction.

Background: Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a common emergency that requires prompt medical attention, and the timing of surgical intervention poses a considerable challenge. Although computed tomography (CT) is widely used, its effectiveness in accurately identifying bowel strangulation is limited. The potential of radiomics models to predict the necessity for surgical resection in ASBO cases is not yet fully explored.

β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Steroidogenesis in Granulosa Cells Associated with Sheep Prolificacy via Activating AMPK Pathway.

Oxidative stress is a significant factor in the death of granulosa cells (GCs), leading to follicular atresia and consequently limiting the number of dominant follicles that can mature and ovulate within each follicular wave. Follicular fluid contains a diverse array of metabolites that play crucial roles in regulating GCs' proliferation and oocyte maturation, which are essential for follicle development and female fertility. However, the mechanisms behind metabolite heterogeneity and its effects on GCs' function remain poorly understood.

Understanding the physiological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of diseases: Lipidomics strategies.

As a pivotal branch of metabolomics, lipidomics studies global changes in lipid metabolism under different physiological and pathological conditions or drug interventions, discovers key lipid markers, and elaborates the associated lipid metabolism network. There are a considerable number of lipids in the host, which act on various functional networks such as metabolism and immune regulation. As an indispensable research method, lipidomics plays a key character in the analysis of lipid composition in organisms, the elaboration of the physiological mechanism of lipids, and the decoding of their character in the occurrence and development of diseases by exploring the character of lipids in the host environmental network.

Comprehensive Analysis of m6A-Related Programmed Cell Death Genes Unveils a Novel Prognostic Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) involves complex dysregulated cellular processes, including programmed cell death (PCD), influenced by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification. This study integrates bulk RNA and single-cell sequencing data to identify 43 prognostically valuable m6A-related PCD genes, forming the basis of a 13-gene risk model (m6A-related PCD signature [mPCDS]) developed using machine-learning algorithms, including CoxBoost and SuperPC. The mPCDS demonstrated significant predictive performance across multiple validation datasets.

Fluorinated Benzothiadiazole-Based Polymers for Organic Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects.

The integration of fluorinated benzothiadiazole (FBT) into donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers represents a major advancement in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs). The fluorination process effectively fine-tunes the energy levels, reduces the highest occupied molecular orbital levels, and enhances the open-circuit voltages of the polymers. Furthermore, fluorination improves molecular packing and crystallinity, which significantly boosts the charge transport and overall device performance.

Efficacy of liposomal as compared to standard bupivacaine for intercostal nerve blocks in patients undergoing minimally invasive thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This review aimed to provide evidence on the efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine as compared to standard bupivacaine for intercostal nerve blocks (ICB) in patients undergoing minimally invasive thoracic surgery.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies published on the databases of PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase up to June 20, 2024, were included. Total opioid consumption in morphine equivalents, pain scores, and length of hospital stay (LOS) were compared.

Engineering the Self-Assembly Pathways of POSS-Peptide Amphiphiles to Form Diverse Cross-β Structures.

Cross-β structures are crucial in driving protein folding and aggregation. However, due to their strong aggregating tendency, the precise control of the self-assembly of β-sheet-forming peptides remains a challenge. We propose a molecular geometry strategy to study and control the self-assembly of cross-β structures.

The hemodynamic responses to enhanced external counterpulsation therapy in post-PCI patients with a multi-dimension 0/1D-3D model.

Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is widely utilized in rehabilitating patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and has demonstrated efficacy in promoting cardiovascular function recovery. Although the precise mechanisms of the therapeutic effects remain elusive, it is widely postulated that the improvement of biomechanical environment induced by EECP plays a critical role. This study aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism through a numerical investigation of the in-stent biomechanical environment during EECP using an advanced multi-dimensional 0/1D-3D coupled model.

Development and validation of an explainable model of brain injury in premature infants: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Preterm brain injury (PBI) is a prevalent complication in preterm infants, leading to the destruction of critical structural and functional brain connections and placing a significant burden on families. The timely detection of PBI is of paramount importance for the prevention and treatment of the condition. However, the absence of specific clinical manifestations in the early stages of PBI renders it susceptible to misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses.

Deep learning-based methodology for vulnerability detection in smart contracts.

Smart contracts play an essential role in the handling and management of digital assets, where vulnerabilities can lead to severe security issues and financial losses. Current detection techniques are largely limited to identifying single vulnerabilities and lack comprehensive identification capabilities for multiple vulnerabilities that may coexist in smart contracts. To address this challenge, we propose a novel multi-label vulnerability detection model that integrates extractive summarization methods with deep learning, referred to as Ext-ttg.

Ralstonia solanacearum infection induces tobacco root to secrete chemoattractants to recruit antagonistic bacteria and defensive compounds to inhibit pathogen.

Background: Plant root exudates play crucial roles in maintaining the structure and function of the whole belowground ecosystem and regulating the interactions between roots and soil microorganisms. Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease in many plants, while root exudate-mediated inhibition of pathogen infection is poorly understood. Here, we characterize the chemical divergence between root exudates of healthy and diseased tobacco plants and the effects of that variability on the rhizosphere microbial community and the occurrence of bacterial wilt.

Proteomics exploration of metformin hydrochloride for diabetic kidney disease treatment via the butanoate metabolism pathway.

Diabetic nephropathy (DKD) is a diabetesrelated kidney injury with an increasing incidence every year. Metformin hydrochloride (MET), a cornerstone treatment for glucose lowering, has been widely reported for the treatment of DKD, but the specific molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets still need to be further explored. We used kidney tissues from db/db mice as samples and used proteomics and bioinformatics to analyse the function, distribution and related pathways of differential proteins in DKD, focusing on the assessment of the binding energies of key proteins in the butyrate pathway and drugs at the molecular level, which showed that the expression profiles of differential proteins in kidney tissues were altered after MET treatment, involving energy metabolism.

Berberine Mediates Exosomes Regulating the Lipid Metabolism Pathways to Promote Apoptosis of RA-FLS Cells.

: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint damage and commonly linked to symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, and pain. Traditional Chinese Medicine offers complementary and integrative approaches in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, potentially providing additional options that may help address treatment challenges and enhance overall patient care. This paper explores the mechanism of action of berberine from the perspective of cellular exosomes by mediating exosomal contents and thus treating RA.

Ferulic Acid Alleviates Lipid and Bile Acid Metabolism Disorders by Targeting FASN and CYP7A1 in Iron Overload-Treated Mice.

Iron overload is a common complication in various chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lipid and bile acid metabolism disorders are regarded as crucial hallmarks of NAFLD. However, effects of iron accumulation on lipid and bile acid metabolism are not well understood.

Elevated serum sodium is linked to increased amyloid-dependent tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

Vascular dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While sodium is essential for maintaining vascular function, its role in AD pathology remains unclear. We included 353 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), assessing serum sodium levels, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognitive function.

-activated promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression and inhibits CD4/CD8 T-cell infiltrations by targeting signaling pathway.

Background: Immune-associated genes play vital roles in the tumorigenesis, progression and immunotherapy responses of malignant tumors. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the role and mechanism of novel immune-associated gene integrin β4 () in the progression and immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods: There were 770 immune-associated genes curated from NanoString PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel.