Effect of on the proliferation and differentiation of yak skeletal muscle satellite cells.

The severe conditions at high altitudes, where yaks inhabit, contribute to delayed muscular growth and compromised tenderness of their muscle tissue. Myosatellite cells are responsible for the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle after birth and have the potential to proliferate and differentiate, its development is closely related to meat quality, and the nuclear receptor gene is involved in muscle formation and skeletal muscle regulation. Therefore, in order to understand the effect of on muscle satellite cells, we identified the mRNA expression levels of marker genes specifically expressed in muscle satellite cells at different stages to determine the type of cells isolated.

Gelatinase MMP Expression Is Correlated with Muscle Fiber Growth in Maiwa Yak Gluteus Maximus.

Yak (Bos grunniens) is the only large mammal species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The most of the studies in yak remain confined for the main contributor of meat, which requires a good understanding of muscle growth. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 are widely expressed in mammal tissues they mainly degrade collagen in the extracellular matrix for muscle development.

Serum Procalcitonin, Hematology Parameters, and Cell Morphology in Multiple Clinical Conditions and Sepsis.

Background: The clinical value of procalcitonin (PCT) in infection diagnosis and antibiotic stewardship is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum PCT and different clinical conditions as well as other infectious/inflammatory parameters in different septic patients in order to elucidate the value of PCT detection in infection management.

Methods: Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used for serum PCT analysis.

Comprehensive analysis of the expression patterns and function of the axis in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells.

Background: The long interspersed nuclear element 1 () retrotransposon has been identified as a specific substrate for fat mass and obesity-related gene (), which facilitates the removal of N-methyladenosine modifications from its targeted RNAs.

Methods: This study examined the dynamic interaction between and in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells, utilizing RT-qPCR, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), immunofluorescence staining, and techniques involving overexpression and interference of and to elucidate the relationship between and in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells.

Results: Cloning and analysis of the coding sequence in Jiulong yak revealed a conserved protein structure across various breeds, with notable homology observed with domestic yak, domestic cattle, and Java bison.

Analytical and clinical performance evaluation of a new NT-proBNP assay.

Background: The study evaluated the performance of the Mindray N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in a healthy population in China, focusing on creating a reference range for future clinical applications adjusted according to different demographics.

Methods: The study measured NT-proBNP in 2277 healthy individuals. We analyzed age and sex-stratified data, performed precision, accuracy, linearitcvy, and detection limit studies, and evaluated method comparison and consistency between Roche and Mindray assays on 724 serum samples.

Protein Lactylation Profiles Provide Insights into Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Metabolism in Yak.

Protein lysine lactylation, a recently discovered post-translational modification (PTM), is prevalent across tissues and cells of diverse species, serving as a regulator of glycolytic flux and biological metabolism. The yak (), a species that has inhabited the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau for millennia, has evolved intricate adaptive mechanisms to cope with the region's unique geographical and climatic conditions, exhibiting remarkable energy utilization and metabolic efficiency. Nonetheless, the specific landscape of lysine lactylation in yaks remains poorly understood.

Additional glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in vitro promotes the proliferation of undifferentiated spermatogonia from sterile cattleyak.

Cattleyak is a typically male sterile species. The meiosis process is blocked and the scarcity of spermatogenic stems cells are both contributing factors to the inability of male cattleyak to produce sperm. While Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is the first discovered growth factor known to promote the proliferation and self-renewal of spermatogenic stem cells, its relationship to the spermatogenesis arrest of cattleyak remains unclear.

Transcriptional and open chromatin analysis of bovine skeletal muscle development by single-cell sequencing.

Skeletal muscle is a complex heterogeneous tissue and characterizing its cellular heterogeneity and transcriptional and epigenetic signatures are important for understanding the details of its ontogeny. In our study, we applied scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq to investigate the cell types, molecular features, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and patterns of developing bovine skeletal muscle from gestational, lactational and adult stages. Detailed molecular analyses were used to dissect cellular heterogeneity, and we deduced the differentiation trajectory of myogenic cells and uncovered their dynamic gene expression profiles.

Dynamic alterations in yak () rumen microbiome in response to seasonal variations in diet.

Rumen microorganisms play important roles in the healthy growth of yaks. This study investigated changes in yak rumen microbiome during natural grazing at the warm seasons and supplementary feeding at cold seasons. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and metagenome analysis were conducted to investigate the structures and functions of yak rumen microbial communities.

Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle.

Due to its prominent secretory activity, adipose tissue (AT) is now considered a major player in the crosstalk between organs, especially with skeletal muscle. In which, exosomes are effective carriers for the intercellular material transfer of a wide range of molecules that can influence a series of physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells. Considering their underlying roles, the regulatory mechanisms of adipose-secreted exosomes and their cellular crosstalk with skeletal muscle have received great attention in the field.

Functional study and epigenetic targets analyses of in intramuscular preadipocytes via ChIP-seq and mRNA-seq.

The epigenetic regulator is involved in hepatic lipid homoeostasis. However, the role of in regulating intramuscular fat deposition as well as the pathways and potential epigenetic targets involved remain unknown. Herein, we investigate function, its genome-wide epigenetic target profile, and transcriptomic changes under overexpression during yak intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation.

Genome-wide comparison of DNA methylation patterns between yak and three cattle strains and their potential association with mRNA transcription.

Yak has evolved specific adaptative mechanisms to high-altitude environment. Up to date, only a few studies reported the DNA methylation in yak. In the present study, genome-wide DNA methylome and transcriptome profiles in lung, mammary, and biceps brachii muscle tissues were compared between yak and three cattle breeds (Tibetan cattle, Sanjiang cattle, and Holstein cattle).

Codon Usage Bias and Cluster Analysis of the and Genes in Seven Mammals.

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are a family of Zn and Ca-dependent gelatinase MMPs that regulate muscle development and disease treatment, and they are highly conservative during biological evolution. Despite increasing knowledge of genes, their evolutionary mechanism for functional adaption remains unclear. Moreover, analysis of codon usage bias (CUB) is reliable to understand evolutionary associations.

DNA methylome of primary spermatocyte reveals epigenetic dysregulation associated with male sterility of cattleyak.

DNA cytosine methylation modification in the germline is of particular importance since it is a highly heritable epigenetic mark. Although cytosine methylation has been analyzed at the genome-scale for several mammalian species, our knowledge of DNA methylation patterns and the mechanisms underlying male hybrid sterility is still limited in domestic animals such as cattleyak. Here we for the first time show the genome-wide and single-base resolution landscape of methylcytosines (mC) in the primary spermatocyte (PSC) genome of yak with normal spermatogenesis and the inter-specific hybrid cattleyak with male infertility.

Molecular Regulation of Yak Preadipocyte Differentiation and Proliferation by and ceRNA Regulatory Network Analysis.

The positive regulatory role of in differentiation and lipid deposition in yak intramuscular preadipocytes has been demonstrated in our previous study. However, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to produce complete mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) profiles after adenovirus-mediated overexpression in yak preadipocytes using high-throughput sequencing.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of winter yaks in plateau and plain.

The yak is an important source for the people living and ecological environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In every winter, many domestic yaks will lose bodyweight or dead under cold and food scarcity. Moving the plateau yaks to farm in the plain is a useful approach to reduce their environmental stress and gain more production.

Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Yak and Cattle Heart Tissues Reveals Regulatory Pathways Associated With High-Altitude Adaptation.

Background: The yak () is an important livestock species that can survive the extremely cold, harsh, and oxygen-poor conditions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and provide meat, milk, and transportation for the Tibetans living there. However, the regulatory network that drive this hypoxic adaptation remain elusive.

Results: The heart tissues from LeiRoqi (LWQY) yak and their related cattle () breeds, which are two native cattle breeds located in high altitude (HAC) and low altitude (LAC) regions, respectively, were collected for RNA sequencing.

Whole-genome resequencing provides insights into the evolution and divergence of the native domestic yaks of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Background: On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the roof ridge of the world, the yak is a precious cattle species that has been indispensable to the human beings living in this high-altitude area. However, the origin of domestication, dispersal route, and the divergence of domestic yaks from different areas are poorly understood.

Results: Here, we resequenced the genome of 91 domestic yak individuals from 31 populations and 1 wild yaks throughout China.

Methylome and transcriptome profiles in three yak tissues revealed that DNA methylation and the transcription factor ZGPAT co-regulate milk production.

Background: Domestic yaks play an indispensable role in sustaining the livelihood of Tibetans and other ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), by providing milk and meat. They have evolved numerous physiological adaptations to high-altitude environment, including strong blood oxygen transportation capabilities and high metabolism. The roles of DNA methylation and gene expression in milk production and high-altitudes adaptation need further exploration.