BX-795 inhibits HSV-1 and HSV-2 replication by blocking the JNK/p38 pathways without interfering with PDK1 activity in host cells.

BX-795 is an inhibitor of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), but also a potent inhibitor of the IKK-related kinase, TANKbinding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IKKɛ. In this study we attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the inhibition of BX-795 on Herpes simplex virus (HSV) replication. HEC-1-A or Vero cells were treated with BX-795 and infected with HSV-1 or HSV-2 for different periods.

A positive feedback loop between ROS and Mxi1-0 promotes hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

VEGF expression induced by hypoxia plays a critical role in promoting tumor angiogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism that modulates VEGF expression under hypoxia is still poorly understood. In this study, we found that VEGF induction in hypoxic HepG2 cells is ROS-dependent.

Profiling and Identification of Novel Immunogenic Proteins of Staphylococcus hyicus ZC-4 by Immunoproteomic Assay.

Staphylococcus hyicus has caused great losses in the swine industry by inducing piglet exudative epidermitis (EE), sow mastitis, metritis, and other diseases and is a threat to human health. The pathogenesis of EE, sow mastitis, and metritis involves the interaction between the host and virulent protein factors of S. hyicus, however, the proteins that interact with the host, especially the host immune system, are unclear.

MOV10 interacts with Enterovirus 71 genomic 5'UTR and modulates viral replication.

As a cytoplasmic parasite, RNA virus develops sophisticated mechanisms to counter host defense and utilize host proteins to facilitate its replication. Here we found Moloney leukemia virus 10 (MOV10), a highly conserved cellular protein belonging to SF1 helicase family, played critical roles in EV71 infection. Silencing cellular MOV10 could restrict EV71 replication, while over-expressing MOV10 resulted in increased viral replication at low dosage and repressed viral replication at high dosage.

Design of plasmonic photodetector with high absorptance and nano-scale active regions.

We propose a novel plasmonic photodetector with high responsivity, utilizing nano-scale active regions. This design can be applied to diverse materials (group III-V or IV materials) and different operation wavelengths covering the O-U bands. The periodic structure utilizing Surface Plasmon Polariton Bloch Waves (SPP-BWs) has low optical power loss.

Synthesis of Na-doped ZnO hollow spheres with improved photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production.

The fabrication of p-type doped ZnO nanostructures is key in opening up substantial opportunities for the application of ZnO nanostructures. Owing to their stable p-type property, Na ions are the best candidates for ZnO p-type doping. However, Na-doped ZnO nanostructures had never been prepared until now.

Synthesis of Isoxazoline/Cyclic Nitrone-Featured Methylenes Using Unsaturated Ketoximes: A Dual Role of TEMPO.

A novel, metal-free, and regioselective approach for the synthesis of isoxazoline/cyclic nitrone-featured methylenes has been developed by the reaction of readily accessible β,γ- and γ,δ-unsaturated ketoximes with TEMPO via tandem iminoxyl radical-promoted cyclization/TEMPO-mediated Cope-like elimination, respectively. This protocol utilizes commercially available TEMPO as the iminoxyl radical initiator as well as the β-hydrogen acceptor in the Cope-like elimination.

Private algorithms for the protected in social network search.

Motivated by tensions between data privacy for individual citizens and societal priorities such as counterterrorism and the containment of infectious disease, we introduce a computational model that distinguishes between parties for whom privacy is explicitly protected, and those for whom it is not (the targeted subpopulation). The goal is the development of algorithms that can effectively identify and take action upon members of the targeted subpopulation in a way that minimally compromises the privacy of the protected, while simultaneously limiting the expense of distinguishing members of the two groups via costly mechanisms such as surveillance, background checks, or medical testing. Within this framework, we provide provably privacy-preserving algorithms for targeted search in social networks.

Molecular simulation study of the specific combination between four kinds of phthalic acid esters and human serum albumin.

The interaction between endocrine disruptor phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. The efficiency of energy transfer and the distance between HSA and PAEs were calculated. The results showed that all of the four kinds of PAEs could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of the HSA, with the mechanisms of static quenching and non-radiative energy transfer.

Enterovirus 71 induces autophagy by regulating has-miR-30a expression to promote viral replication.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71), the etiological agent of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, has increasingly become a public health challenge around the world. Previous studies reported that EV71 infection can induce autophagic machinery to enhance viral replication in vitro and in vivo, but did not address the underlying mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that autophagy, in a virus-specific manner, may function to degrade viruses or facilitate viral replication.

TIA-1 and TIAR interact with 5'-UTR of enterovirus 71 genome and facilitate viral replication.

Enterovirus 71 is one of the major causative pathogens of HFMD in children. Upon infection, the viral RNA is translated in an IRES-dependent manner and requires several host factors for effective replication. Here, we found that T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA-1), and TIA-1 related protein (TIAR) were translocated from nucleus to cytoplasm after EV71 infection and localized to the sites of viral replication.

Harmine blocks herpes simplex virus infection through downregulating cellular NF-κB and MAPK pathways induced by oxidative stress.

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2) are highly prevalent in many populations and therapeutic options are limited. Both viruses can establish latency by maintaining viral genomes in neurons of sensory ganglia. Primary or recurrent HSV infections may lead to deleterious outcomes: HSV-1 infection may result in corneal blindness and encephalitis and HSV-2 infection leads to herpes genitalis.

Multiply Confined Nickel Nanocatalysts Produced by Atomic Layer Deposition for Hydrogenation Reactions.

To design highly efficient catalysts, new concepts for optimizing the metal-support interactions are desirable. Here we introduce a facile and general template approach assisted by atomic layer deposition (ALD), to fabricate a multiply confined Ni-based nanocatalyst. The Ni nanoparticles are not only confined in Al2 O3 nanotubes, but also embedded in the cavities of Al2 O3 interior wall.

[Influence of fire disturbance on aboveground deadwood debris carbon storage in Huzhong forest region of Great Xing'an Mountains, Northeast China].

Based on the field inventory data, the aboveground deadwood debris carbon storage under different fire severities was analyzed in Huzhong forest region of Great Xing' an Mountains. The results showed that the fire severity had a significant effect on aboveground deadwood debris carbon storage. The deadwood debris carbon storage was in the order of high-severity > low-severity > unburned in Larix gmelinii stands, and mixed conifer-broadleaf stands ( L.

[Effect of ultrafiltration-membrane extracts of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata on proliferation and genetic stability of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by cadmium chloride].

Objective: To study the effect of ultrafiltration-membrane extracts of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata (UMERRP) on theproliferation and genetic stability of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2).

Methods: Protective effects on the proliferation, micronuclear rates, chromosome aberration rates, and apoptosis rates were observed by micronuclei test, karyotype analysis, and flow cytometry.

Results: Compared with the CdCl2 group, UMERRP with different molecular weights at 0.

Three-dimensional DNA nanostructures for colorimetric assay of nucleic acids.

Here, we propose a kinetically controlled DNA self-assembly pathway based on exponential hairpin assembly (EHA) to obtain a novel DNA network-like structure. This method is very simple over existing DNA self-assembly techniques, only requiring the input of four DNA hairpins to form dendritic nanostructures. AFM imaging reveals the expected dendritic nanostructures, and they interweave to form a regular nanoporous structure that has a mesh size ranging from 200 to 400 nm.

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid treatment reveals crosstalks among proteome, ubiquitylome and acetylome in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line.

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a well-known histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and has been used as practical therapy for breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is previously demonstrated that SAHA treatment could extensively change the profile of acetylome and proteome in cancer cells. However, little is known about the impact of SAHA on other protein modifications and the crosstalks among different modifications and proteome, hindering the deep understanding of SAHA-mediated cancer therapy.

Defining fire environment zones in the boreal forests of northeastern China.

Fire activity in boreal forests will substantially increase with prolonged growing seasons under a warming climate. This trend poses challenges to managing fires in boreal forest landscapes. A fire environment zone map offers a basis for evaluating these fire-related problems and designing more effective fire management plans to improve the allocation of management resources across a landscape.

Monoclonal antibodies specific to human Δ42PD1: A novel immunoregulator potentially involved in HIV-1 and tumor pathogenesis.

We recently reported the identification of Δ42PD1, a novel alternatively spliced isoform of human PD1 that induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhances HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity in mice when engineered in a fusion DNA vaccine. The detailed functional study of Δ42PD1, however, has been hampered due to the lack of a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). In this study, we generated 2 high-affinity mAbs, clones CH34 (IgG2b) and CH101 (IgG1), from Δ42PD1-immunized mice.

Association between co-inhibitory molecule gene tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer in Chinese.

Purpose: T lymphocyte immune responses are controlled by both co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signaling through T cell co-receptors. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1) and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) are all co-inhibitory molecules that negatively regulate the activation of T cells. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ten tagging SNPs in three co-inhibitory molecule genes and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Intronic and promoter polymorphisms of hMLH1/hMSH2 and colorectal cancer risk in Heilongjiang Province of China.

Purpose: Given that mismatch repair (MMR) system plays an important role in recognizing and removing insertion/deletion mutations which occur during DNA replication, common variants associated with impaired MMR system may thus increase risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate the associations between common variants in two MMR genes (hMLH1 and hMSH2) and CRC risk.

Methods: We genotyped 10 intronic/promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in 451 CRC patients and 630 controls.

[Near infrared Cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy study of NO2O].

Using a tunable near infrared external cavity diode laser and a 650 mm long high finesse optical cavity consisting of two highly reflective (R=99.97% at 6561.39 cm(-1)) plan-concave mirrors of curvature radius approximately 1000 mm, a cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) system was made.

The plasma level of retinol, vitamins A, C and α-tocopherol could reduce breast cancer risk? A meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Purpose: Plasma antioxidants are supposed to be directly related to breast cancer risk. However, the results remain inconsistent. Herein, we carried this meta-analysis to comprehensively summarize the associations between plasma retinol, vitamins A, C and α-tocopherol and breast cancer risk.

Multi-component reactive transport in heterogeneous media and its decoupling solution.

The multi-component reactive transport model is widely used in contaminant transport, water-rock interaction, and other earth science fields. Since its complexity lies in its solution, a decoupling approach is used to simplify the model to enhance computational efficiency. A decoupling approach is presented for heterogeneous media, and used to solve the model in this situation.

Tanshinone IIA Downregulates HMGB1 and TLR4 Expression in a Spinal Nerve Ligation Model of Neuropathic Pain.

Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200~240 g were randomly divided into sham-operated group (sham group), vehicle-treated SNL group (model group), and Tan IIA-treated SNL group (Tan IIA group). Tan IIA was administered intraperitoneally to rats in the Tan IIA-treated group at a dose of 30 mg/kg daily for 14 days after SNL surgery. Paw withdrawal mechanical thresholds (PWTs) and paw withdrawal thermal latencies (PWLs) were measured.