Non-coding RNAs are key players and promising therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death in humans. Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common CVD and a major cause of many CVD-related fatalities. AS has numerous risk factors and complex pathogenesis, and while it has long been a research focus, most mechanisms underlying its progression remain unknown.

The natural product, echinatin, protects mice from methicillin-resistant pneumonia by inhibition of alpha-hemolysin expression.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global, multifaceted crisis that poses significant challenges to the successful eradication of devastating pathogens, particularly methicillin-resistant (MRSA), a persistent superbug that causes devastating infections. The scarcity of new antibacterial drugs is obvious, and antivirulence strategies that reduce the pathogenicity of bacteria by weakening their virulence have become the subject of intense investigation. Alpha-hemolysin (Hla), a cytolytic pore-forming toxin, has a pivotal role in pathogenesis.