Drug Advances in NAFLD: Individual and Combination Treatment Strategies of Natural Products and Small-Synthetic-Molecule Drugs.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease and is closely associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome. However, effective treatment strategies for NAFLD are still lacking. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD, identifying multiple therapeutic targets and providing new directions for drug development.

Association between reflux esophagitis and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: A discernible correlation exists between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the precise nature of the association between reflux esophagitis (RE) and COPD remains inadequately understood. In this study, we investigated the link between RE and pulmonary function, with a specific emphasis on elucidating the interplay between RE and COPD regarding lung function.

Relationship of different metabolic obesity phenotypes with reflux esophagitis: a propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of reflux esophagitis (RE). Metabolic abnormalities have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RE. However, the role of metabolic status in the risk of RE among individuals with varying degrees of obesity remains unclear.

Nomogram for predicting reflux esophagitis with routine metabolic parameters: a retrospective study.

Introduction: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis (RE) is relatively high around the world. We investigated routine metabolic parameters for associations with RE prevalence and severity, creating a user-friendly RE prediction nomogram.

Material And Methods: We included 10,881 individuals who had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at a hospital.

Comparison of Esophageal Dysmotility and Reflux Burden in Patients with Different Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes Based on High-Resolution Impedance Manometry and 24-h Impedance-pH.

Introduction: The relationship between the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype and the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and inefficient esophageal motility (IEM) is still unclear. Thus, we assessed the association between different metabolic obesity phenotypes and GERD and IEM using empirical data.

Methods: We collected clinical and test data of 712 patients, including 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (24-h MII-pH) monitoring, high-resolution manometry (HRM), and endoscopy.

Incorporating body mass index into esophageal manometry metrics and mean nocturnal baseline impedance for the evaluation of gastro-esophageal reflux disease.

This study aims to enhance the effectiveness of high resolution manometry (HRM) and pH-impedance monitoring metrics in distinguishing between gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-GERD. A retrospective propensity score matching (PSM) study was conducted on 643 patients with GERD symptoms. PSM matched 134 GERD patients with 134 non-GERD controls.

HO-1-induced autophagy establishes a HO-1-p62-Nrf2 positive feedback loop to reduce gut permeability in cholestatic liver disease.

Objectives: The gut-liver axis disruption is a unified pathogenetic principle of cholestatic liver disease (CSLD). Increased gut permeability is the leading cause of gut-liver axis disruption. HO-1 is capable of protecting against gut-liver axis injury.

GAGE-seq concurrently profiles multiscale 3D genome organization and gene expression in single cells.

The organization of mammalian genomes features a complex, multiscale three-dimensional (3D) architecture, whose functional significance remains elusive because of limited single-cell technologies that can concurrently profile genome organization and transcriptional activities. Here, we introduce genome architecture and gene expression by sequencing (GAGE-seq), a scalable, robust single-cell co-assay measuring 3D genome structure and transcriptome simultaneously within the same cell. Applied to mouse brain cortex and human bone marrow CD34 cells, GAGE-seq characterized the intricate relationships between 3D genome and gene expression, showing that multiscale 3D genome features inform cell-type-specific gene expression and link regulatory elements to target genes.

Psychological factors may affect the quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients more than the gut itself? A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background And Aim: Both intestinal symptoms and comorbidities exist in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and influence their quality of life (QOL). More research is needed to determine how these variables impact the QOL of IBS patients. This study aimed to determine which specific factors had a higher influence on QOL and to further compare the effects of intestinal symptoms and comorbidities on QOL.

Using deep learning to assess the function of gastroesophageal flap valve according to the Hill classification system.

Background: The endoscopic Hill classification of the gastroesophageal flap valve (GEFV) is of great importance for understanding the functional status of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Deep learning (DL) methods have been extensively employed in the area of digestive endoscopy. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of the endoscopist's Hill classification and assist in incorporating it into routine endoscopy reports and GERD assessment examinations, this study first employed DL to establish a four-category model based on the Hill classification.

Concurrent profiling of multiscale 3D genome organization and gene expression in single mammalian cells.

The organization of mammalian genomes within the nucleus features a complex, multiscale three-dimensional (3D) architecture. The functional significance of these 3D genome features, however, remains largely elusive due to limited single-cell technologies that can concurrently profile genome organization and transcriptional activities. Here, we report GAGE-seq, a highly scalable, robust single-cell co-assay that simultaneously measures 3D genome structure and transcriptome within the same cell.

Phenotypes and Genotypes in Patients with -Related Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy.

The X-linked gene encodes a core subunit of the cohesin complex that plays a pivotal role in genome organization and gene regulation. Pathogenic variants in are often dominant-negative and cause Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) with growth retardation and typical facial features; however, rare variants cause a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) with intractable early-onset epilepsy that is absent in CdLS. Unlike the male-to-female ratio of 1:2 in those with CdLS associated with dominant-negative variants, -DEE loss-of-function (LOF) variants are found exclusively in females due to presumed lethality in males.

Dissection of a Down syndrome-associated trisomy to separate the gene dosage-dependent and -independent effects of an extra chromosome.

As an aneuploidy, trisomy is associated with mammalian embryonic and postnatal abnormalities. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in mutant phenotypes is broadly important and may lead to new strategies to treat clinical manifestations in individuals with trisomies, such as trisomy 21 [Down syndrome (DS)]. Although increased gene dosage effects because of a trisomy may account for the mutant phenotypes, there is also the possibility that phenotypic consequences of a trisomy can arise because of the presence of a freely segregating extra chromosome with its own centromere, i.

The Overlap Subgroup of Functional Dyspepsia Exhibits More Severely Impaired Gastric and Autonomic Functions.

Goals: A combination of multiple tests was introduced to noninvasively investigate the differences in pathophysiologies among functional dyspepsia (FD) subgroups, including postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), and overlap.

Background: It has not been extensively evaluated whether different pathophysiologies are involved in FD subgroups.

Study: This multicenter study included 364 FD patients fulfilling Rome IV criteria and 47 healthy controls.

Using deep learning and explainable artificial intelligence to assess the severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease according to the Los Angeles Classification System.

Objectives: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a complex disease with a high worldwide prevalence. The Los Angeles classification (LA-grade) system is meaningful for assessing the endoscopic severity of GERD. Deep learning (DL) methods have been widely used in the field of endoscopy.

Esophageal chemical clearance and mucosa integrity values in refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with different esophageal dynamics.

Objectives: Esophageal post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index (PSPWI) and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI), novel impedance-based markers of reflux burden, are associated with esophageal dynamics. We aim to investigate the characteristics of PSPWI and MNBI in Chinese refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (RGERD) patients with different esophageal dynamic changes.

Materials And Methods: 201 RGERD and 76 functional heartburn patients, undergone off-PPI endoscopy, esophageal manometry and impedance-pH monitoring, were included.

Correction to "Inhibiting heme oxygenase-1 attenuates rat liver fibrosis by removing iron accumulation".

[This corrects the article on p. 2921 in vol. 19, PMID: 23704825.

Activation of α7nAChR preserves intestinal barrier integrity by enhancing the HO-1 / STAT3 signaling to inhibit NF-κB activation in mice.

Background: Activation of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) can inhibit a systemic inflammatory response and preserve intestinal barrier integrity. This study aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which α7nAChR activation could inhibit intestinal barrier injury and cholestatic liver fibrosis in mice following bile duct ligation (BDL).

Materials And Methods: The intestine-specific heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) knockout VillinCreHmox1 and control Hmox1 C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the BDL procedure.

Updates in interaction of gastroesophageal reflux disease and extragastroesophageal digestive diseases.

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the common chronic diseases with prevalence increasing in the last decades. Because of its prevalence and chronicity, GERD affects the quality of life and increases health-care costs. Gastroesophageal diseases leading to GERD have been thoroughly studied, while extragastroesophageal digestive diseases (EGEDDs) may coexist with GERD and affect the occurrence and persistence of GERD symptoms and therapeutic effect.

Erratum: Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and cytochrome P450 3A4 improves the oral absorption of octreotide in rats with portal hypertension.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.

Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Destruction in Mice With Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Liver Injury by Activating the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway.

Objectives: Electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) can attenuate inflammation in different rodent models. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying its action in inhibiting intestinal barrier destruction and liver injury in cholestasis mice have not been clarified. This study aimed at investigating whether EA at ST36 could activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway to inhibit intestinal barrier destruction and liver injury in cholestasis mice.

Lamin B1 deletion in myeloid neoplasms causes nuclear anomaly and altered hematopoietic stem cell function.

Abnormal nuclear morphology is a hallmark of malignant cells widely used in cancer diagnosis. Pelger-Huët anomaly (PHA) is a common abnormality of neutrophil nuclear morphology of unknown molecular etiology in myeloid neoplasms (MNs). We show that loss of nuclear lamin B1 (LMNB1) encoded on chromosome 5q, which is frequently deleted in MNs, induces defects in nuclear morphology and human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function associated with malignancy.