Gen. nov. and Gen. nov., Two New Genera Revealed by Morphological and Phylogenetic Evidences in the Family Boletaceae from Subtropical China.

Boletaceae, the largest and most diverse family of Boletales (Agaricomycetes and Basidiomycota), is both ecologically and economically important. Although many taxa have been described in China, the diversity of the family still remains incompletely understood. In the present study, gen.

Four New Species of (Boletaceae, Boletales) from Hainan Island, Tropical China.

, one of the most noticeable genera of Boletaceae (Boletales), is both ecologically and economically important. Although many studies have focused on in China, the diversity still remains incompletely understood. In the present study, several collections of from Hainan Island, tropical China were studied based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Phlebopus portentosus polysaccharide and their antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green synthesis from fungi polysaccharides are attracting increasing attention owing to their distinctive features and special applications in numerous fields. In this study, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly biosynthesizing AgNPs method with no toxic chemicals involved from the fruiting body polysaccharide of Phlebopus portentosus (PPP) was established and optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology. The optimum synthesis conditions of polysaccharide-AgNPs (PPP-AgNPs) were identified to be the reaction time of 140 min, reaction temperature of 94 °C, and the PPP: AgNO ratio of 1:11.

Structural characterization, and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide from the mushroom Cantharellus yunnanensis.

A polysaccharide CY-2 from C. yunnanensis was obtained through a process of consecutive water extraction, alcohol precipitation, and DEAE-52 fast-flow chromatography. CY-2, with an average molecular weight of 2.

Extraction, Characterization, and In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of a Neutral Polysaccharide from the New Medicinal Mushroom Cantharellus yunnanensis (Agaricomycetes).

Polysaccharides serve as promising ingredients for health-beneficial functional foods, while there were no investigations into the structural characterizations and bioactivities of an edible mushroom Cantharellus yunnanensis. In the study, crude polysaccharides from this mushroom were extracted by hot water and isolated by ethanol precipitation. Then, a neutral polysaccharide (named CY-1) was purified from the crude polysaccharide by deproteinization with Sevag reagent, decolorization with a kind of macroporous adsorption resin SP-825, DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography and dialysis.

Notes on four species of subgenus (Russulaceae, Russulales) from southern China.

, one of the main subgenus of (Russulaceae, Russulales), is both ecologically and economically important. Although many studies have focused on subgenus in China, the diversity, taxonomy, and molecular phylogeny still remained incompletely understood. In the present study, two new species, and , and two known taxa, and were described based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S DNA sequences with new collections of subgenus from southern China.

Updated taxonomy of Chinese subgenera and (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales): Three new taxa and amended descriptions of one previous species.

, one of the main genera of Hydnaceae (Cantharellales), is both ecologically and economically important. Although many studies have focused on this genus in China, the taxonomy should be further updated. In the present study, subgenera and were investigated based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses with new collections from China.

Purification and Structure Characterization of the Crude Polysaccharide from the Fruiting Bodies of and Its Modulation Effects on Gut Microbiota.

Polysaccharides from the species of Boletaceae (Boletales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) are economically significant to both functional foods and medicinal industries. The crude polysaccharide from (BPP) was prepared, and its physicochemical properties were characterized through the use of consecutive experimental apparatus, and its impact on the gut microbiota of Kunming mice was evaluated. Analyses of the structure characteristics revealed that BPP was mainly composed of Man, Glc, and Gal, possessing the pyranose ring and β/α-glycosidic linkages.

Preparation, structural characterisation, and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from eight boletes (Boletales) in tropical China.

Polysaccharides in boletes (Boletales) are economically significant to both function food and medicinal industries. The polysaccharides were extracted from the fruit bodies of eight boletes, namely, , which were collected from tropical China; their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were characterised and evaluated, respectively. The results revealed that the polysaccharides among the eight boletes were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, and galactose, with a broad molecular weight range, and contained a pyranose ring revealed by FT-IR and NMR spectral analyses.

A Contribution to Knowledge of (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) in China: Three New Taxa and Amended Descriptions of Two Previous Species.

Species of (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) in China are investigated on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains (28S) and nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Five species are recognized in China, of which three of them are described as new, viz.

Morphological and Phylogenetic Evidences Reveal Four New Species of Subgenus (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) From China.

Species of subgenus are interesting and important for their mycorrhizal properties, medicinal values, and edibility. In China, there are many undescribed species of the subgenus. In this study, four new species of subg.

Rubroboletus flammeus (Boletaceae, Boletales), a novel species unveiled from subtropical China based on morphological and phylogenetic evidences.

Rubroboletus flammeus is described as a new species from subtropical China based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. It is morphologically characterized by a red to fiery-red basidioma with a dry pileus, a context in pileus white but that in stipe bright yellow, a stipe densely covered with spots, a blue color change of tissues, and a trichoderm-type pileipellis. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, and line drawings of microscopic features of the new species are presented.

, a new tropical bolete from Hainan, southern China.

(, ) is described as a new species from Yinggeling of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, southern China. It is morphologically characterized by a large basidioma with a nearly glabrous, brownish yellow, yellowish brown to pale brown pileus, pores orangish red when young, yellowish brown to brown when old, context and hymenophore staining blue when injured, a yellow stipe with red punctuations, surfaces of the pileus and the stipe usually covered with a thin layer of white pruina when young. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from part of the 28S gene, the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene () also confirm that forms an independent lineage within .

New and noteworthy boletes from subtropical and tropical China.

The morphology, ecology, and phylogenetic relationships of specimens of the family Boletaceae from subtropical and tropical China were investigated. Four species, , , , and , are new to science. and are redescribed.

The genus Heimioporus in China.

Species of Heimioporus (Boletaceae, Boletales) in China are investigated on the basis of morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains (28S) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1). Three species are recognized in China: H.

The genus Pulveroboletus (Boletaceae, Boletales) in China.

Species of Pulveroboletus (Boletaceae, Boletales) in China are investigated on the basis of morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuc rDNA region encompassing the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, along with the 5.8S rDNA (ITS) and nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains (28S) and sequences from the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1). Nine species are recognized in the country, three of them are described as new: P.

A high throughput method for rapid screening of chitosanase-producing fungal strain under acidic conditions.

A novel high-throughput method was established for rapid screening of a large numbers of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) mutants with high chitosanase production under acidic culture condition by exploiting the fact that iodine can be used as the indicator to stain chitosan but is ineffective for chitooligosaccharides. The mutant population was generated by irradiating A.

The genus Retiboletus in China.

Species of the genus Retiboletus (Boletaceae, Boletales) in China are investigated based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial 28S regions and sequences from the translation elongation factor 1-a gene (tef1a). Six lineages are recovered among the collections studied. Five of these are documented and presented in the present paper, including three new species and two new combinations.

A high-throughput method for screening of Aspergillus niger mutants with high transglycosylation activity by detecting non-fermentable reducing sugar.

A novel high-throughput method was established for rapid screening of large numbers of Aspergillus niger mutants with high transglucosylation activity by exploiting that yeast can hardly hydrolyze isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO). Supernatants of A. niger fermentation were incubated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to remove glucose and maltose, and the remaining non-reducing sugars, which is positively correlated with the amount of IMO, the products of transglucosylation reaction, were used as indicator of transglucosidase activity of A.

Purification and characterization of an intracellular α-glucosidase with high transglycosylation activity from A. niger M-1.

An intracellular α-glucosidase with high transglycosylation activity was purified from a mutant strain of Aspergillus niger M-1 by sequential chromatography using a DEAE-cellulose 52 column, a DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column, and a Sephadex G-100 column. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was determined to be 116 kD with no subunits and a pI of 5.23.

[Screening of microorganism producing polyunsaturated fatty acids with sugarcane molasses].

A strain name LB1 producing polyunsaturated fatty acids with sugarcane molasses was screened form soil samples by the methods of Sudan Black B stain and the determination of PUFAs' iodine value. Based on the grass morphological and physiological characteristics and the sequence similarity of ribosomal DNA-ITS, the strain was identified as Mucor recurvus sp..