Mizagliflozin ameliorates diabetes induced kidney injury by inhibitor inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress.

Background: Mizagliflozin (MIZ) is a specific inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransport protein 1 (SGLT1) originally developed as a medication for diabetes.

Aim: To explore the impact of MIZ on diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods: Diabetic mice were created using db/db mice.

Optimising topical wound care outcomes for fungating breast wounds - A systematic review of current institutional practice.

Background: Fungating breast wounds cause significant complications and morbidity to patients. Wound care is of paramount importance in optimising care and alleviating suffering for patients with malignant breast wounds. Currently, routinely implemented objective assessment tools for fungating breast wound treatment outcomes are non-existent, and institutional practice varies.

Early screening to identify and diagnose primary nasal tuberculosis in patients with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.

In this editorial, we comment on the article by Liu . Based on our analysis of a case report, we consider that early screening and recognition of primary nasal tuberculosis are crucial for patients undergoing treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi). While TNFi therapy increases the risk of reactivating latent tuberculosis, primary nasal tuberculosis remains rare due to the protective mechanisms of the nasal mucosa.

Medical dilemma: Programmed death 1 blockade (sintilimab) therapy in patients suffering from tumours combined with psoriasis.

Tumour immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has greatly improved the overall prognosis of patients with malignant tumours, and is regarded as an important breakthrough in the field of medicine in recent years. ICIs have gradually become the core of tumour therapy and are increasingly used in the clinic. In order to achieve early clinical prediction and management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), it is still necessary to perform further research on the mechanisms, risk factors, and predictors of irAE occurrence in the future.

A review of novel research technology to explore the mystery of traditional Chinese medicine: Terahertz.

During the 2022 Annual National Terahertz Biophysics Conference, the hypothesis was proposed that bio frequency electromagnetic fields sensitive points, akin to acupuncture points, exist in the human body. This development has prompted numerous researchers to apply terahertz technology to the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In recent years, terahertz technology has achieved notable progress in the field of TCM, particularly concerning the meridian-collateral system.

Advantages of a Novel Model for Predicting Hepatic Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Carriers Compared with APRI and FIB-4 Scores.

Background And Aims: Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) are widely used to assess liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Currently, the definition of normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is controversial. We aimed to examine the diagnostic value of APRI and FIB-4 in chronic HBV carriers with different upper limits of normal (ULNs) for ALT.

[Field greenhouse gas emission characteristics and carbon footprint of ratoon rice].

It is of great significance to understand the effects of different rice cultivation methods in southeast China on greenhouse gas emission characteristics and carbon footprint of paddy fields during rice cultivation for rice sustainable production. In this study, the popular conventional rice 'Jiafuzhan' and hybrid rice 'Yongyou 2640' were used as materials to establish four rice cultivation patterns suitable for different ecological types in Fujian Province: 1) double-cropping system, early rice and late rice with Jiafuzhan (D-J); 2) early maturing ratooning system, first season rice and ratooning season rice with Jiafuzhan (R-J); 3) middle-maturing ratooning system, first season rice and ratooning season with Yongyou 2640 (R-Y); and 4) single cropping system with Yongyou 2640 (S-Y), which should be synchronized in heading time with the counterpart (the ratooning season rice). Greenhouse gas emissions from paddy soil were measured by the closed static black box observation method and the gas chromatography method, respectively.

Effect of sequential high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation after extubation on respiratory mechanics.

Background: Patients with difficult weaning who undergo mechanical ventilation are more likely to be at risk of reintubation and the sequential use of oxygen therapy after extubation is a concern for clinicians. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of transnasal high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy and non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIV) on respiratory mechanics in patients with difficult weaning.

Methods: The present study was a single-center, retrospective, observational study.

Assessment of respiratory drive with esophageal diaphragmatic electromyography in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with prone position ventilation.

Background: Prone position ventilation (PPV) is an important strategy for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This prospective study investigated the use of electromyography of the diaphragm (EMGdi) for monitoring respiratory drive in patients with moderate to severe ARDS during long-term PPV.

Methods: An integrated nostril-gastric feeding tube containing an esophageal electrode and balloon was placed in 14 patients with severe ARDS prior to PPV.

Evaluation of carbon dioxide rebreathing during exercise assisted by noninvasive ventilation with plateau exhalation valve.

Noninvasive ventilation with a plateau exhalation valve (PEV) is often used as an adjunct to exercise to achieve a physiologic training effect in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, during exercise, with the increase of exhalation flow and respiratory rate and limited capability of PEV to exhale gases out of the circuit, it is still unknown whether CO rebreathing occurs in COPD patients ventilated during exercise assisted by single-limb circuit with a PEV. A maximal symptom-limited cycle exercise test was performed while ventilated on pressure support (inspiratory:expiratory pressure 14:4 cmHO) in 18 male patients with stable severe COPD (mean ± standard deviation, forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 29.

Efficacy of non-invasive ventilation as a rescue therapy for relieving dyspnea in patients with stable severe COPD.

Exertional Dyspnea is a troublesome symptom in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) even after optimal therapy, which is a physiological and perceptional burden to limit their activities. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) might provide rescue therapy for this population to relieve exertional dyspnea. This was a randomized crossover study in 18 patients with stable severe COPD.

Inflammatory Responses, Spirometry, and Quality of Life in Subjects With Bronchiectasis Exacerbations.

Background: Bronchiectasis exacerbations are critical events characterized by worsened symptoms and signs (ie, cough frequency, sputum volume, malaise).

Objectives: Our goal was to examine variations in airway and systemic inflammation, spirometry, and quality of life during steady state, bronchiectasis exacerbations, and convalescence (1 week following a 2-week antibiotic treatment) to determine whether potentially pathogenic microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were associated with poorer conditions during bronchiectasis exacerbations.

Methods: Peripheral blood and sputum were sampled to detect inflammatory mediators and bacterial densities.

Aetiology of bronchiectasis in Guangzhou, southern China.

Background And Objective: Aetiologies of bronchiectasis in mainland China and their comparisons with those in western countries are unknown. We aimed to investigate bronchiectasis aetiologies in Guangzhou, southern China, and to determine ethnic or geographic differences with reports from western countries.

Methods: Consecutive patients with steady-state bronchiectasis were randomly recruited.

Six-minute walk test in Chinese adults with clinically stable bronchiectasis: association with clinical indices and determinants.

Background: The profiles of 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in adults with clinically stable bronchiectasis in Chinese adult patients with bronchiectasis are unclear.

Objectives: To delineate the 6MWD by stratification of clinical indices, and to investigate the factors associated with reduced 6MWD in Chinese adults with clinically stable bronchiectasis.

Methods: We recruited 141 adult bronchiectasis patients (mean age: 44.

Impulse oscillometry in adults with bronchiectasis.

Rationale: The usefulness of impulse oscillometry (IOS) in bronchiectasis has not been systematically investigated.

Objectives: To determine the usefulness of IOS parameters and their correlation with radiology, disease severity, sputum bacteriology, and spirometry, and to compare the changes in IOS parameters during exacerbations and convalescence of bronchiectasis.

Methods: We recruited 100 patients with bronchiectasis and 28 healthy subjects.

The role of viral infection in pulmonary exacerbations of bronchiectasis in adults: a prospective study.

Background: Although viral infections are a major cause of exacerbations in patients with chronic airway diseases, their roles in triggering bronchiectasis exacerbations in adults remain unclear. Therefore, we prospectively investigated the incidence and clinical impacts of viral infection in adults with bronchiectasis exacerbations.

Methods: The study cohort of 119 adults with bronchiectasis was followed up prospectively for 12 months.

Capsaicin cough sensitivity and the association with clinical parameters in bronchiectasis.

Background: Cough hypersensitivity has been common among respiratory diseases.

Objective: To determine associations of capsaicin cough sensitivity and clinical parameters in adults with clinically stable bronchiectasis.

Methods: We recruited 135 consecutive adult bronchiectasis patients and 22 healthy subjects.

Macrolide therapy in adults and children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of macrolide therapy in adults and children with bronchiectasis.

Methods: We searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL databases to identify relevant studies. Two reviewers evaluated the studies and extracted data independently.

[Effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia and sedation in pediatric patients undergoing cleft lip and palate repair].

Objective: To explore the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the sedation of recovery period and the postoperative early pain scores in pediatric patients undergoing cleft lip and palate repair.

Methods: A total of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II pediatric patients undergoing cleft lip and palate repair were randomly divided into 5 groups (D1, D2, D3, D4 and C, n = 20 each). Groups D1-D4 received a continuous pump infusion of dexmedetomidine at 0.

Effect of mixed crowding on refolding of human muscle creatine kinase.

The effects of mixed crowding agents containing both sucrose and dextran 70 on refolding process of human muscle creatine kinase (HCK) were studied by enzyme activity assay and aggregation measurements. The results showed that sucrose and dextran have opposite effect on parameters of HCK during refolding: reactivation yield, refolding rates and amount of aggregation, as they were both used in the mixed crowding agents. The exclusion volume effect of dextran and osmophobic effect of sucrose on HCK refolding can be counteracted by each other: sucrose bated the aggregation induced by dextran and increased the final reactivation yield and refolding rate of the slow track, while dextran inhibited the effect of sucrose to prevent aggregation and help correct folding.