Transcriptomic analysis of liver immune response in Chinese spiny frog () infected with .

The expansion of Chinese spiny frog () aquaculture has increased the prevalence and severity of diseases such as "skin rot" disease, which is triggered by harmful bacteria. Previous studies have mainly focused on pathogen identification and vaccine development. However, frog immune responses following pathogenic bacterial infection have hardly been investigated.

Assessment of the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of QS-CATH, a promising therapeutic agent isolated from the Chinese spiny frogs (Quasipaa spinosa).

Cathelicidins are important antimicrobial peptides in various vertebrate species where they are crucial parts of the innate immune system. The current understanding of amphibian cathelicidins is limited, particularly with regard to their immunomodulatory effects. To address this knowledge gap, we produced the cDNA sequence of the cathelicidin gene from a skin transcriptome of the Chinese spiny frog Quasipaa spinosa.

An esculentin-1 homolog from a dark-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) possesses antibacterial and immunoregulatory properties.

Background: Esculentin-1, initially discovered in the skin secretions of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae), has demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, its immunomodulatory properties have received little attention.

Results: In the present study, esculentin-1 cDNA was identified by analysing the skin transcriptome of the dark-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus). Esculentin-1 from this species (esculentin-1PN) encompasses a signal peptide, an acidic spacer peptide, and a mature peptide.

Transcriptomic analysis of skin immunity genes in the Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) after Proteus mirabilis infection.

Recently, populations of Chinese spiny frogs (Quasipaa spinosa), an important amphibian species in China, have decreased, mainly due to a disease caused by the gram-negative bacteria Proteus mirabilis. To elucidate the immune response of the frogs, this study aimed to identify novel candidate genes functionally associated with P. mirabilis infection-induced "rotting skin" disease.

Development and Challenges of Cyclic Peptides for Immunomodulation.

Cyclic peptides are polypeptide chains formed by cyclic sequences of amide bonds between protein-derived or non-protein-derived amino acids. Compared to linear peptides, cyclic peptides offer several unique advantages, such as increased stability, stronger affinity, improved selectivity, and reduced toxicity. Cyclic peptide has been proved to have a promising application prospect in the medical field.

Caveolin-1 is essential for the increased release of glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex in neuropathic pain mice.

Neuropathic pain has a complex pathogenesis. Here, we examined the role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model for the enhancement of presynaptic glutamate release in chronic neuropathic pain. Cav-1 was localized in glutamatergic neurons and showed higher expression in the ACC of CCI versus sham mice.

Disulfiram reduces the severity of mouse acute pancreatitis by inhibiting RIPK1-dependent acinar cell necrosis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a frequent abdominal inflammatory disease. Despite the high morbidity and mortality, the management of AP remains unsatisfactory. Disulfiram (DSF) is an FDA-proved drug with potential therapeutic effects on inflammatory diseases.

Bioactive Dimeric Diterpenoids from Taiwania cryptomerioides (Hayata) and Their Biological Activities.

Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata is an endangered relict plant belonging to Taxodiaceae, and it is also an endemic plant to China. The decay-resistant of Taiwania timber can provide highly quality wood for building and furniture. Plenty of regenerative of leaves of T.

Brevinin-2PN, an antimicrobial peptide identified from dark-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus), exhibits wound-healing activity.

Brevinins exhibit a wide range of structural features and strong biological activities. Brevinin-2, derived from several amphibians, has shown antimicrobial activities. However, little is known about the wound-healing activity of brevinin-2.

The complete mitochondrial genome for Stanley's slug snake (Serpentes: Pareidae) by next-generation sequencing.

The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for was determined in this study. The length of complete mtDNA was 18,932 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (, , , , and ), 23 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, a L-chain replication-initiating non-coding region (NCR) and 2 control regions. The overall base composition of the sequence is 24.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Taiwan slug-eating snake () and phylogenetic analysis.

We report the complete mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of (Squamata: Colubridae). This circular mtDNA is 17,703 bp in size and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and 2 non-coding sequence (D-loop). The total of mtDNA was composition of 57.

Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of beta-defensin from the Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa).

The β-defensins are important components of the vertebrate innate immune system. While mammalian β-defensins have wide-ranging antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities, those of amphibians remain largely uncharacterised. In this study, β-defensin cDNA was identified from the skin transcriptome of the Chinese spiny frog Quasipaa spinosa.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Anura: Ranidae) and its phylogenetic analysis.

We reported the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of broad-folded frog (). This mitogenome is 17,007 bp in size and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and one non-coding sequence (D-loop). The total composition was 58.

Molecular characterization of cathelicidin in tiger frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus): Antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory activity.

Cathelicidins are an important antimicrobial peptide family and are expressed in many different vertebrates. They play an important role in the innate immune system of the host. However, amphibian cathelicidins are poorly understood.

Barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) NK-lysin protects against Aeromonas hydrophila infection via immunomodulatory activity.

NK-lysins (NKLs) are a family of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides that have activity against various microorganisms. However, the immunomodulatory activity of NKL in fish remains unclear. In this study, the cDNA sequence of barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) NKL gene was cloned.

The complete mitochondrial genome of an Asian warty newt, (Caudata: Salamandridae).

(Caudata: Salamandridae) is a new species that found in southeastern China. Its complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence was 16,313 bp in length with with A + T contents of 60.9%, and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, one control region (D-loop), and one non-coding region.

Two complete mitochondrial genomes of the black-spotted stout newt () and their relative phylogenetics relationship with other Salamandridae.

The black-spotted stout newt () is widely distributed in the mountains of southeastern China. In this study, we sequenced and determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenomes) of two samples collected in Mount Wuyi. The assembled mitogenomes were 16,298 bp and 16,301 bp in length, and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, one non-coding region, and one control region.

The complete mitochondrial DNA for the Fujian Bamboo-leaf Frog (Anura: Ranidae) by next-generation sequencing.

The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for Li, Ye and Fei 2001 (Anura: Ranidae) was determined in this study. The length of complete mtDNA was 17,122 bp, including 13 PCGs (COI-III, ND1-6, ND4L, ATP6, ATP8 and CYTB), 25 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 2 non-coding regions of a L-strand replication origin and a control region. The overall base composition of the sequence is 28.

Partial mitochondrial genome of the Sanchiang Tree Toad (Anura: Hylidae).

We reported the partial mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) for (Anura: Hylidae), a arboreal frog and endemic in China. The length of partial mitogenome of was 15,664 bp, and contained PCGs (COX1-3, ND1-6, ND4L, ATP6, ATP8 and CYTB), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions of a L-strand replication origin and a partial loop region. The overall base composition of the sequence is 29.

Acoustic divergence in advertisement calls among three sympatric species from East China.

Background: Species-specific advertisement calls are the main mechanism of transmitting information between individuals in anuran amphibians and are therefore indispensable for anuran survival and reproduction. Survey methods that monitor these calls can be used for rapid species recognition, behavioral experiments, and conservation monitoring. In this study, we described in detail 10 call parameters from three sympatric species in the genus and analyzed the differences in call parameter among these species to provide a basis for systematic monitoring, acoustic analysis and taxonomic study of this genus.

3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation of a novel thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine inhibitor targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) is one of the most attractive drug targets for the treatment of AIDS. In this study, 67 thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were selected as novel HIV-1 RT inhibitors to combat viral resistance, and were subjected to 3 D-QSAR studies using CoMFA, CoMSIA, and T-CoMFA. In the 3 D-QSAR study, two methods of ligand-based alignment and pharmacophore-based alignment were used.

The advertisement call of Leptobrachella liui Fei and Ye, 1990 (Anura: Megophryidae).

Leptobrachella (Anura: Megophryidae) is currently composed of seventy-one species distributed in China and Southeast Asia (Frost 2018). Fourteen species of Leptobrachella are currently known from southern China: L. alpina (Fei, Ye Li, 1990), L.

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with calculous cholecystitis: A case report.

Background: Pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA) aneurysms are extremely rare. The complicated clinical presentations and high incidence of rupture make it difficult to diagnose and treat. PDA pseudoaneurysms often rupture into the gastrointestinal tract and result in life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Structural insight into the serotonin (5-HT) receptor family by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and systems pharmacology analysis.

Serotonin (5-HT) receptors are proteins involved in various neurological and biological processes, such as aggression, anxiety, appetite, cognition, learning, memory, mood, sleep, and thermoregulation. They are commonly associated with drug abuse and addiction due to their importance as targets for various pharmaceutical and recreational drugs. However, due to a high sequence similarity/identity among 5-HT receptors and the unavailability of the 3D structure of the different 5-HT receptor, no report was available so far regarding the systematical comparison of the key and selective residues involved in the binding pocket, making it difficult to design subtype-selective serotonergic drugs.