Novel combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery for advanced T2 gastric cancer: Two case reports.

Background: The standard treatment for advanced T2 gastric cancer (GC) is laparoscopic or surgical gastrectomy (either partial or total) and D2 lymphadenectomy. A novel combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery (NCELS) has recently been proposed as a better option for T2 GC. Here we describe two case studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of NCELS.

Nickel-Catalyzed Arylcarbamoylation of Alkenes of -(-Iodoaryl)acrylamides with Nitroarenes via Reductive Aminocarbonylation: Facile Synthesis of Carbamoyl-Substituted Oxindoles.

Nickel-catalyzed arylcarbamoylation reactions of alkenes of -(-haloaryl)acrylamides with CO and nitroarenes via reductive aminocarbonylation to produce carbamoyl-substituted oxindoles with an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center are presented. Starting with -(-haloaryl)acrylamides, simple CO, and inexpensive nitroarenes and using a Ni catalyst, a dinitrogen-based ligand, a Zn reductant, a TMSCl additive, and a base system, this protocol enables the synthesis of various carbamoyl-substituted oxindoles and allows the efficient late-stage derivatization of valuable molecules.

2,6-Bis(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1,4-dithiine.

The title mol-ecule, C18H16O2S2, reveals crystallographic twofold rotation symmetry (with both S atoms lying on the axis) and one half-mol-ecule defines an asymmetric unit. The dithiine ring is in a boat conformation. The aromatic ring and the C=C bond are nearly coplanar, with small torsion angles of -171.

In vivo effect of triptolide combined with glycyrrhetinic acid on rat cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Triptolide (TP) is a major active component in Tripterygium root, but its therapeutic window was very narrow due to its severe multi-organ toxicity. In this work, the effect of TP combined with glycyrrhetic acid (GA) on mRNA expression and activity of four cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in rat liver was studied after intragastric administration of TP (0.05, 0.

Aberrant expression of Cx43 is associated with the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer and Cx43-mediated gap junction enhances gastric cancer cell diapedesis from peritoneal mesothelium.

The process of peritoneal metastasis involves the diapedesis of intra-abdominal exfoliated gastric cancer cells through the mesothelial cell monolayers; however, the related molecular mechanisms for this process are still unclear. Heterocellular gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between gastric cancer cells and mesothelial cells may play an active role during diapedesis. In this study we detected the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in primary gastric cancer tissues, intra-abdominal exfoliated cancer cells, and matched metastatic peritoneal tissues.

Identification of in vivo and in vitro metabolites of triptolide by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Triptolide, a major active constituent of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has multiple pharmacological activities. In this work, a rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer (MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) interface has been developed for identification of triptolide and some of its metabolites in rat urine after oral administration of a single dose (0.6 mg/kg) of triptolide to healthy rats, as well as some metabolites in vitro after incubation with rat liver microsome (RLM) and rat intestinal flora, respectively.

In vitro metabolism of glycyrrhetic acid by human cytochrome P450.

Licorice root has been frequently used as antitode in traditional Chinese medicine. As the main active component of Licorice root, glycyrrhetic acid (GA) is mainly metabolized in liver. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro metabolism of GA by human liver microsomes (HLM) and human recombinant cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms.

Changes of organic anion transporter MRP4 and related nuclear receptors in human obstructive cholestasis.

Background: Hepatic multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4) levels are low, but increase markedly in rodent cholestatic liver. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are essential for regulating Mrp4 expression in cholestasis models. However, information about MRP4 and related NRs, including constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and retinoic X receptor-α (RXRα), is relatively lacking in human obstructive cholestasis.

[Connexin 43 expression in intraperitoneal free gastric cancer cells in patients with gastric cancer].

Objective: To examine the association of connexin 43 (Cx43) in the intraperitoneal free gastric cancer cells and clinicopathological characteristics.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect connexin 43 in 75 paraffin-embedded gastric cancer tissues, matched paracancerous tissue, and intraperitoneal free gastric cancer cells.

Results: The positive rates of Cx43 expression were 33.

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is thought to be a promising anti-neoplastic agent because of its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL. The mechanisms underlying this resistance are unclear.

Systemic and peritoneal inflammatory response after laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy and the effect of inflammatory cytokines on adhesion of gastric cancer cells to peritoneal mesothelial cells.

Introduction: There still remain concerns over the potential for peritoneal metastasis after laparoscopic surgery. We designed this trial to investigate the effects of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the interaction between gastric cancer cells and mesothelial cells, and to evaluate differences in both the peritoneal and systemic cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) concentrations after laparoscopic and conventional surgical approaches, thus offering another possible advantage of laparoscopic procedures for treatment of gastric cancer.

Experimental Design: A reproducible human in vitro assay was developed to study adhesion of SGC-7901 and MKN-45 human gastric cancer cells to monolayers of primary cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs).

Expression and significance of Cx43 and E-cadherin in gastric cancer and metastatic lymph nodes.

Connexin 43(Cx43) and E-cadherin are concurrently expressed in many tumors and were ever classified as tumor suppressors in primary tumors (PT), whereas recent studies showed that these two proteins played specific roles in tumor metastasis. The aim of our study is to determine the expression of Cx43 and E-cadherin in primary gastric tumors (PTs) and matched metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) and to explore the clinical and pathological implications of expression of these proteins. Immunohistochemical assay was conducted to detect the expression of Cx43 and E-cadherin in PTs and MLNs, and the clinical and pathological implications were analyzed by statistical methods.

KAI1 gene suppresses invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97-H cells in vitro and in animal models.

Background: Downregulation of KAI1 gene expression has been found in many types of cancer cells and is closely related to cancer invasion and metastasis. This study was aimed at investigating the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of KAI1 gene on invasion and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: The invasive ability, visco-elastic properties and cell adhesion forces were analysed in different HCC cells originating from the MHCC97-H cell line transfected with either the sense or the antisense KAI1 expression plasmid.

[Transcription regulation of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine on maspin gene demethylation in RKO human colorectal cell line].

Objective: To detect the methylation status of 5'CpG island in the core promotor of maspin gene in RKO human colorectal cell line,and to explore the transcription regulation of DNA 5'CpG island demethylation on maspin tumor suppressor gene and its effect on the growth of cancer cell.

Methods: The status of 5 'CpG island methylation of maspin gene in RKO human colorectal cell line was analyzed using methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). After treated with a specific demethylating agent, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) was used to examine maspin gene expression.

[The synergistic inhibitory effect of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and Tamoxifen on estrogen receptor alpha negative breast cancer cell lines in vitro].

Objective: To observe if ER alpha gene can be induced by 5-aza-CdR in ER alpha negative human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435) and the synergistic inhibitory effects of 5-aza-CdR and Tamoxifen on these two cell lines in vitro.

Methods: The status of 5'CpG island methylation of ER alpha gene in ER alpha negative (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435) human breast cancer cell lines and 20 cases of breast cancer tissue was studied by MSP, the expression of ER alpha mRNA was inspected by using RT-PCR after these two cell lines were treated with 5-aza-CdR. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay, distribution of cell cycle and rate of apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry after these two cell lines were treated with 5-aza-CdR or TAM alone, or in combination in vitro.

Effects of KAI1 gene on growth and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97-H cells.

Aim: To study the effects of sense and antisense KAI1 genes on the growth and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line MHCC97-H.

Methods: KAI1 sense and antisense eukaryotic expression plasmids were constructed using subclone technique and transfected into MHCC97-H cells respectively by DOTAP liposome. After successful transfection was confirmed, in vitro growth curve, cell cycles, plate clone formation efficiency, invasive ability in Boyden Chamber assay and ultrastructural morphology were studied.