Pediatric Hepatoblastoma After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Diagnostic Performance of MR in Staging POSTTEXT and Vascular Involvement.

Background: The assessment of resectability after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of hepatoblastoma is dependent on Post-Treatment EXTENT of Disease (POSTTEXT) staging and its annotation factors P (portal venous involvement) and V (hepatic venous/inferior vena cava [IVC] involvement), but MR performance in assessing them remains unclear.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced MR imaging for preoperative POSTTEXT staging and diagnosing vascular involvement in terms of annotation factors P and V in pediatric hepatoblastoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Differentiation of cancerous and inflammatory colorectal perforations using multi-detector computed tomography.

Purpose: To determine reliable CT features to distinguish cancerous from inflammatory colorectal perforations.

Materials And Methods: A total of 43 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed colorectal perforation caused by either colorectal cancer (n =27) or an inflammatory conditions (n = 16) were identified. Two radiologists independently assessed the contrast-enhanced CT features for locations of perforation, mural configurations, soft-tissue alterations, lymphadenopathy, and metastases.

Vascular complications following prophylactic balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries resolved by successful interventional thrombolysis in a patient with morbidly adherent placenta.

The increasing incidence of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is placing women at a higher risk of life-threatening massive hemorrhage. The involvement of interventional radiology to manage this complex condition by performing prophylactic iliac artery balloon occlusion has been reported recently. However, the effectiveness and safety of this technique have not been fully determined.

Differentiation of pyogenic hepatic abscesses from malignant mimickers using multislice-based texture acquired from contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Background: Pyogenic hepatic abscess may mimic primary or secondary carcinoma of the liver on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). The present study was to explore the usefulness of the analysis of multislice-based texture acquired from CECT in the differentiation between pyogenic hepatic abscesses and malignant mimickers.

Methods: This retrospective study included 25 abscesses in 20 patients and 33 tumors in 26 subjects who underwent CECT.

Quantitative assessment of angiographic perfusion reduction using color-coded digital subtraction angiography during transarterial chemoembolization.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative measurement of perfusion reduction using color-coded digital subtraction angiography (ccDSA) to monitor intra-procedural arterial stasis during TACE.

Materials And Methods: A total number of 35 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who had undergone TACE were enrolled into the study. Pre- and post-two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography scans were conducted with same protocol and post-processed with ccDSA prototype software.

Randomized comparison of long and short vascular sheaths in reduction of the operator radiation exposure during uterine artery embolization.

Objective: To introduce a method in which a long sheath is used instead of the traditional short sheath, to reduce the radiation exposure of operators in uterine artery embolization (UAE).

Methods: 52 patients undergoing UAE were randomly divided into two groups before the procedure: an 11-cm short sheath was used in Group A (n = 25), and a 45-cm-long sheath was used in Group B (n = 27); the 45-cm-long sheath was only partly inserted such that the hub of the sheath was approximately 34 cm caudal to the groin puncture site. All the procedures were standard bilateral UAE operations through unilateral approach.

Chest X-ray and CT findings of early H7N9 avian influenza cases.

Background: The H7N9 strain of bird flu is a new type of avian flu that was identified at the end of March 2013. The disease is concerning because most patients have become severely ill.

Purpose: To study the X-ray and computed tomography (CT) findings of early H7N9 avian influenza cases.

Trait impulsivity and impaired prefrontal impulse inhibition function in adolescents with internet gaming addiction revealed by a Go/No-Go fMRI study.

Background: Recent studies suggest that Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is an impulse disorder, or is at least related to impulse control disorders. In the present study, we hypothesized that different facets of trait impulsivity may be specifically linked to the brain regions with impaired impulse inhibition function in IGA adolescents.

Methods: Seventeen adolescents with IGA and seventeen healthy controls were scanned during performance of a response-inhibition Go/No-Go task using a 3.

Hepatic blood volume imaging with the use of flat-detector CT perfusion in the angiography suite: comparison with results of conventional multislice CT perfusion.

Purpose: To prospectively determine the feasibility of flat-detector (FD) computed tomography (CT) perfusion to measure hepatic blood volume (BV) in the angiography suite in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients with HCC were investigated with conventional multislice and FD CT perfusion. CT perfusion was carried out on a multislice CT scanner, and FD CT perfusion was performed on a C-arm angiographic system, before transarterial chemoembolization procedures.

Entropy of T2-weighted imaging combined with apparent diffusion coefficient in prediction of uterine leiomyoma volume response after uterine artery embolization.

Rationale And Objectives: To determine the potential value of entropy of T2-weighted imaging combined with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) before uterine artery embolization (UAE) for prediction of uterine leiomyoma volume reduction (VR) after UAE.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, 11 patients with uterine leiomyomas who underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion-weighted imaging before and 6 months after UAE were included. A total number of 16 leiomyomas larger than 2 cm in diameter were evaluated.

Spectrum of multilocular cystic hepatic lesions: CT and MR imaging findings with pathologic correlation.

A multilocular cystic hepatic lesion detected at computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a common but nonspecific radiologic finding that can cause potential challenges for differential diagnosis. This imaging pattern may be observed in a wide spectrum of common and uncommon neoplastic or nonneoplastic entities. Neoplastic lesions include cystadenoma, cystadenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), metastases, mesenchymal hamartoma, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.

Objective assessment of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization angiographic endpoints: preliminary study of quantitative digital subtraction angiography.

Purpose: To explore the significance of quantitative digital subtraction angiography (DSA; Q-DSA) in the assessment of chemoembolization endpoints.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with chemoembolization were included in the study. All DSA series before and after chemoembolization were postprocessed with Q-DSA.

Differentiation of neoplastic from bland macroscopic portal vein thrombi using dual-energy spectral CT imaging: a pilot study.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility and value of dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT) imaging for differentiating neoplastic from bland macroscopic portal vein (PV) thrombi.

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of 44 patients with macroscopic PV thrombus (bland group, n = 16; neoplastic group, n = 28) were reviewed. Iodine-based material decomposition images in the portal venous phase were reconstructed to compare the iodine indices between groups, including thrombus iodine density (I (T)), thrombus-aorta iodine density ratio (I (T)/I (A)), and thrombus-PV iodine density ratio (I (T)/I (P)).

Computed tomography perfusion study of hemodynamic changes and portal hyperperfusion in a rabbit model of small-for-size liver.

Background: Portal hyperperfusion in the small-for-size (SFS) liver can threaten survival of rabbits. Therefore, it is important to understand the hemodynamic changes in the SFS liver.

Methods: Twenty rabbits were divided into two groups: a control group and a modulation group.

Hemodynamic alterations in anterior segment of liver graft after right-lobe living-donor liver transplantation: computed tomography perfusion imaging findings.

Background: To identify hemodynamic alterations in anterior segment of liver graft after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using CT perfusion imaging.

Methods: Perfusion images of 19 recipients 4 weeks after LDLT without reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) tributaries were retrospectively identified. According to major MHV tributaries diameter in the right lobe graft, recipients were divided into large (≥ 5 mm) and small size groups (<5 mm).

Computed tomography perfusion in living donor liver transplantation: an initial study of normal hemodynamic changes in liver grafts.

Hepatic hemodynamic changes in grafts after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) are complicated. In this study, computed tomography (CT) perfusion parameter values, especially portal vein perfusion (PVP), was retrospectively analyzed in recipients both with and without small-for-size syndrome (SFSS). PVP was significantly higher in non-SFSS recipients on post-operative day (POD) 14 or 28 than in normal donors before donation (p < 0.

Whole brain diffusion tensor imaging histogram analysis in vascular cognitive impairment.

Background: Studies were carried out to detect brain tissue damage in patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) histogram analysis, and to determine the correlations between DTI histogram-derived measures and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores.

Methods: Conventional MRI and DTI scans were performed on 19 patients with VCI, 19 age- and sex-matched post-stroke patients without cognitive impairment (stroke group) and 19 cognitively normal subjects (CN group). Histograms of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the whole brain were analyzed.

[The application value of the PACS in general hospitals].

In order to evaluate the diagnostic value of the PACS, the PACS has been applied to Dept.of Radiology in Renji Hospital in Shanghai for nearly two and a half years. Clinical practice shows that the doctors can work more efficiently and accurately by using the diagnostic workstation of PACS.