Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxant actions and mechanisms induced by total flavonoids of Elsholtzia splendens in rat aortas.

Elsholtzia splendens (ES) is, rich in flavonoids, used to repair copper contaminated soil in China, which has been reported to benefit cardiovascular systems as folk medicine. However, few direct evidences have been found to clarify the vasorelaxation effect of total flavonoids of ES (TFES). The vasoactive effect of TFES and its underlying mechanisms in rat thoracic aortas were investigated using the organ bath system.

[Effects of total flavones of Elsholtzia splendens in isolated ischemia/reperfusion rat hearts].

Objective: To investigate the influence of total flavonoids of Elsholtzia splendens (TFES) on isolated ischemia/reperfusion rat hearts and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Hearts isolated from male SD rats were perfused on the Langendorff apparatus and subjected to global ischemia for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The cardiac infarct size was measured by TTC staining.

[Luteolin reduces cardiac dysfunctions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of luteolin (Chinese Traditional Medicine) on cardiac functions and mitochondrial oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, a luteolin control group, a diabetic group, and diabetic groups orally administered with a low dose (10 mg/(kg x d)) or a high dose of luteolin (100 mg/ (kg x d)) for eight weeks. The body weight, blood glucose, cardiac functions, left ventricular weight, myocardial collagen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assayed.

[Expression and function of autophagy after ischemia/reperfusion in rats hippocampus neuron].

Objective: To explore the expression of autophagy after ischemia/reperfusion and its possible function in rats hippocampus neurons.

Methods: After 2 hours oxygen-glucose deprivation and different periods time of reperfusion (OGD/R) treatment in primary hippocampal neurons, neuron viability was evaluated by MTT assay, specific structure of autophagosome and specific protein of autophagy microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B (LC3B) were detected by transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescence respectively. The inhibitor of autophagy 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was also used to exam the viability of neurons.

[Effect of S-allyl-L-cysteine on isolate heart subject to ischemia/reperfusion].

Objective: To investigate the effect of S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) on isolated rat heart subject to ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury and the mechanisms.

Methods: The isolated perfused rat hearts on a Langendorff apparatus were subjected to global ischemia for 30 min and followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Hemodynamic index, the production of formazan and the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the coronary effluent were determined.

[Study of the effects of Auricularia auricular polysaccharide on local ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat].

Objective: To investigate the influence of Auricularia Auricular polysaccharide (APP) on acute cerebral injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats and its underlying mechanism.

Methods: Adult male SD rats were intragastrically pretreated with AAP at a low (50 mg/kg) or high (100 mg/kg) dose once a day for 20 days before operation. Rats intraperitoneally injected with ginkgo biloba extract (EGb671) were taken as positive control.

[Electrophysiological effect of atorvastatin on isolated rat hearts injured by ischemia/reperfusion].

Objective: To investigate the myocardial electrophysiological effect and its underlying mechanisms of atorvastatin (Ator) on isolated rat hearts injured by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

Methods: Isolated SD rat hearts were mounted on Langendorff system, and a local I/R was induced by ligation (30 min) and release (15 min) of the left anterior descending artery. During the reperfusion period, the effect of Ator on diastolic excitation threshold (DET), effective refractory period (ERP) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) on rat heart were measured.

[Partial endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of crocetin and its mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the vasorelaxation effect of crocetin (CCT) and its mechanism.

Methods: Isolated aortic rings from Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted in the organ bath system. The tension of the aorta was recorded.

[Auricularia auricular polysaccharide protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury].

Objective: To determine whether auricularia auricular polysaccharide (AAP) protects heart against ischemia/reperfusion (1/ R) injury and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, pretreated with AAP (50, 100, 200 mg/(kg x d), gastric perfusion) for 4 weeks, were used for Langendorff isolated heart perfusion. The hearts were subjected to global ischemia for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion and the left ventricular hemodynamic parameters were measured.

[Myocardial protective effect of acetylcholine against ischemia/reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanism].

Objective: To determine whether the caidioprotection of acetylcholine (ACh) against ischeniia/reperftision (I/R) injury is re-kited to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MEW) and mitochondrial AW-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(ATP)).

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for Langendorif isolated bean perkision. The hearts were subjected to global ischemia for 30 mm followed by 120 rein of reperfusion and the left ventricular hemodynaniic parameters were measured.

Mitochondrial pores modulate the protective effect of acetylcholine on ventricular myocytes during ischemia/reperfusion injury.

In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effect of acetylcholine (ACh) via modulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening through the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(ATP) channel). In isolated ventricular myocytes from male Sprague-Dawley rats, 0.1 micromol/L ACh was administered for 6 min, before 30 min of simulated ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion (I/R).

[Antiarrhythmic effect of ethyl acetate extract from Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat on rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of ethyl acetate extract from Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat (CME) on experimental arrhythmia induced by ischemia/reperfusion or aconitine in rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Arrhythmia model in intact rat was induced by aconitine (30 microg/kg body weight, i.v.

[Effect of gap junction on the cardioprotection of ischemic postconditioning in rat heart].

Aim: To determine whether the cardioprotection of ischemic postconditioning and heptanol in ischemic heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is mediated by gap junction.

Methods: The effect of ischemic postconditioning, heptanol at different doses (0.03, 0.

[Superoxide anion inhibit endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat mesenteric artery].

Aim: To explore the resistant arterial effect of superoxide anion and its possible mechanisms.

Methods: The third branch of the superior mesenteric artery in male Sprague-Dawley (200-300 g) rats was rapidly excised. Periadventitial fats and connective tissues were removed and the artery was dissected into about 2 mm rings.

Inhibition of superoxide anion-mediated impairment of endothelium by treatment with luteolin and apigenin in rat mesenteric artery.

This study was designed (i) to test the hypothesis that the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) component of ACh-induced vasorelaxation and hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are impaired following exposure to superoxide anion, and (ii) to further investigate whether luteolin and apigenin induce vasoprotection at the vasoactive concentrations in rat mesenteric artery. Rat mesenteric arterial rings were isolated for isometric force recording and electrophysiological studies. Perfusion pressure of mesenteric arterial bed was measured and visualization of superoxide production was detected with fluorescent dye.

Ischemic postconditioning protects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rats.

Background And Purpose: Ischemic postconditioning has been found to decrease brain infarct area and spinal cord ischemic injury. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ischemic postconditioning reduces global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced structural and functional injury in rats.

Methods: Ten-minute global ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Opening the calcium-activated potassium channel participates in the cardioprotective effect of puerarin.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the effective cardioprotection conferred by puerarin against ischemia and reperfusion is mediated by the calcium-activated potassium channel. Hearts isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused on a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The production of formazan, which provides an index of myocardial viability, was measured by absorbance at 550 nm, and the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the coronary effluent was determined.

Inhibition of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore: A Possible Mechanism for Cardioprotection Conferred by Pretreatment with Tanshinone IIA.

The objective of this study was to determine whether the mitochondrial permeability transition pore plays a role in cardioprotection induced by tanshinone IIA. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia by ligation of the left anterior descending artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was achieved by two 5-min periods of global ischemia separated by 5 min of reperfusion.

The role of opioid in the mechanism of the hypotensive effect by simulating acupuncture on rat hindlimb.

The present study investigated the role of central opioid in the hypotensive effect of somatic afferent inputs. The femoral arterial pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) of rats were recorded when the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (the PVN) was electrically stimulated or chemically activated (microinjection of L-glutamate) with or without microinjection of naloxone into the lateral ventricle of brain. Stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve (the DPN) decreased the pressor response elicited by electrical stimulation or chemical activation of the PVN.

[Cardioprotection of mitoSlo1 channel activation involves mitochondrial permeability transition in ischemia and reperfusion of rat hearts].

Objective: To investigate whether the cardioprotection of mitochondrial Slo channel (mitoSlo(1) channel) is associated with mitochondrial permeability transition in isolated rat hearts subjected to ischemia and reperfusion.

Methods: Isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia (occlusion of left anterior descending artery) and 120 min reperfusion. The infarct size, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release during reperfusion and ventricular hemodynamic parameters were measured.

[Endogenous catecholamine participates in the action of interleukin-2 on the isolated rat heart].

Aim: To explore whether endogenous catecholamine participates in the effect of interleukin-2 on the isolated heart.

Methods: The number of premature ventricular contraction (PVC), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP), heart rate (HR) and coronary flow(CF)were recorded in isolated Langendorff perfused rat hearts.

Results: (1) 50 U/ml IL-2 increased the PVC number, LVDP LVEDP, HR and CF.

[Interleukin-2 reduces calcium handling capacity of rat ventricular myocytes during anoxia/reoxygenation].

Aim: To investigate the effect of interleukin-2(IL-2) on the cell contractility and calcium handling in cardiomyocytes during normoxia or anoxia/reoxygenation.

Methods: Chemical anoxia introduced by Krebs-Henseleit(K-H) solution containing 10(-3) mol/L sodium dithionite was used in the enzymatically isolated rat ventricular myocytes. The video-tracking system and spectrofluorometric method were employed to verify the cell contraction and calcium handling of the single myocyte.

[Role of interleukin-2 in the functional myocardial impairment induced by anoxia and reoxygenation].

Objective: To investigate the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on myocardial impairment during ischemia/reperfusion or anoxia/reoxygenation.

Methods: Chemical anoxia was introduced in the isolated rat ventricular myocytes by Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution containing 10(-3) mol/L sodium dithionite. The video-tracking system and spectrofluorometric method were employed to verify the cell contraction and calcium homeostasis of the single myocyte.

[Effect of interleukin-2 on the activity of Ca2+ ATPase and Na+/K+ ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma].

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether interleukin-2 (IL-2) changes the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) ATPase, sarcolemmal Ca(2+)ATPase and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase by measuring the Pi liberated from ATP hydrolysis with colorimetrical methods. It was shown that the activity of Ca(2+)ATPase in SR from IL-2-perfused (10, 40, 200, 800 U/ml) rat heart increased dose-dependently. After incubation of the SR with ATP (0.

[Interleukin-2 induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat thoracic aorta].

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy often results in potentially life-threatening side effects including hypotension. However, the mechanism has not been completely elucidated. In order to determine whether IL-2 modifies vascular tone, we investigated the effect of IL-2 on rat thoracic aorta rings and the underlying mechanisms.