Toxicity of standing milkvetch infected with in white mice.

Introduction: Standing milkvetch () is widely distributed in the wild in Eurasia and North America and has been bred for cultivated forage in China. Yellow stunt and root rot disease caused by is the primary disease of standing milkvetch. promotes the production of swainsonine in the plant.

The Plant Salicylic Acid Signalling Pathway Regulates the Infection of a Biotrophic Pathogen in Grasses Associated with an Endophyte.

The study of the contribution of the plant defence hormones, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), in the resistance against pathogens of plants associated with fungal endophytes has been scanty. We hypothesised that spp., capable of inducing host plant SA-dependent defences, would increase the levels of plant resistance against biotrophic pathogens.

Do Endophytes and Their Grass Symbiosis Only Produce Toxic Alkaloids to Insects and Livestock?

endophytes in forage grasses have attracted widespread attention and interest of chemistry researchers as a result of the various unique chemical structures and interesting biological activities of their secondary metabolites. This review describes the diversity of unique chemical structures of taxa from endophytes and grass infected with endophytes and demonstrates their reported biological activities. Until now, nearly 160 secondary metabolites (alkaloids, peptides, indole derivatives, pyrimidines, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, phenol and phenolic acid derivatives, aliphatic metabolites, sterols, amines and amides, and others) have been reported from endophytes and grass infected with endophytes.

Dahurelmusin A, a Hybrid Peptide-Polyketide from Elymus dahuricus Infected by the Epichloë bromicola Endophyte.

One novel hybrid peptide-polyketide, dahurelmusin A (1), was isolated from Elymus dahuricus infected by the Epichloë bromicola endophyte. Comprehensive spectroscopic analysis revealed that 1 is the first example of hybrid peptide-polyketide possessing an unprecedented 5-hydroxy-2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-3-oxooctanoic acid moiety. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses allowed the absolute configuration assignment of this compound.

Antifungal, Phytotoxic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Metabolites from Epichloë bromicola, a Fungus Obtained from Elymus tangutorum Grass.

The development of high-quality herbage is an important aspect of animal husbandry. Inoculating beneficial fungi onto inferior grass is a feasible strategy for producing new varieties of high-quality herbage. Epichloë bromicola is a candidate fungus that is isolated from Elymus tangutorum.

Highly oxygenated triterpenoids from the roots of Schisandra chinensis and their anti-inflammatory activities.

A new highly oxygenated triterpenoid, schinchinenlactone D (1), and three known compounds (2-4) were isolated from the roots of Schisandra chinensis. Their structures were determined by combining the spectroscopic analysis with the theoretical computations. The anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1-4 were evaluated, and compound 3 exhibits the most significant activity in the inhibition of NO production with an IC50 value of 10.

Effects of cadmium stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus dahuricus infected with the Neotyphodium endophyte.

Various cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μmol L(-1)) affected Elymus dahuricus seed germination, seedling growth, antioxidative enzymes activities (AEA), and amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline present. These influences were determined for separate E. dahuricus cohorts known to be either infected (E+) or non-infected (E-) by a Neotyphodium endophyte.

Effects of cutting frequency and height on alkaloid production in endophyte-infected drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians).

An evaluation was performed on the influence of mowing height (2.5, 5.0 or 7.

Nutritional study on Embellisia astragali, a fungal pathogen of milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens).

Embellisia astragali is a strong, virulent pathogen that develops within milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens). In order to determine nutrient requirements, the fungus was cultured on 9 carbon sources, 9 nitrogen sources, and 13 growth media in the dark at 25 degrees C. Growth rates and sporulation capacity were measured after 4 and 12 weeks.

Interactions of Neotyphodium gansuense, Achnatherum inebrians, and plant-pathogenic fungi.

Interactions of Neotyphodium gansuense, Achnatherum inebrians, and nine fungal pathogens were studied by tests of inhibition of four fungal pathogens by Neotyphodium endophytes in vitro and by inoculation of nine fungal pathogens on detached leaves of endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) plants. Compared with the controls, most isolates of N. gansuense significantly inhibited the growth in vitro of, in decreasing order of inhibition, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium acuminatum, and Alternaria alternata.

Symptomology and etiology of a new disease, yellow stunt, and root rot of standing milkvetch caused by Embellisia sp. in Northern China.

An Embellisia sp. has been established as the cause of a new disease of the herbaceous perennial forage legume, 'standing milkvetch' (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) in Northern China, which severely reduces plant density and degrades A.