Difference of habitat suitability and the influencing variables between winter and summer of in the Three-River-Source region, China.

is an ungulate endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and is widely distributed in the Three-River-Source region. Predicting the seasonal variations in habitat suitability and understanding the effects of environmental variables on habitat use by this species will help formulate effective conservation strategies and clarify its niche characteristics. Based on point records of the occurrence collected during repeated field surveys in winter (January 2019) and summer (August 2019), we used MaxEnt model to predict the differences in habitat suitability and the distribution pattern of the in the Three-River-Source region using eight preselected environmental variables.

[Evaluation of ecological-economic-social synergy in urban area of China].

To understand the synergetic features of economy, society, and ecology in cities, we established an urban ecological-economic-social synergetic index evaluation system from three aspects (per capita green area, per capita GDP, and life expectancy per capita) and created an urban ecological-economic-social synergetic index eva-luation method. We analyzed the synergetic features by comparing the ecological-economic-social synergetic index and comprehensive function scores of 35 typical cities in China. The differences in ecological-economic-social synergy and function score for different city sizes and administrative divisions were investigated, while the synergy level of cities were classified.

Linking Dietary Patterns to Environmental Degradation: The Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rural Food Nitrogen Footprints in China.

China has a large emerging economy that illustrates how dietary patterns can affect food-source nitrogen (N) cycling. The indicator of food nitrogen footprint (NF) reflects the amount of reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions and impacts of these emissions on the environment. It is a result of food production and consumption to satisfy basic dietary demands of a given population.

[Research progress on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem services].

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem services is one of the hot topics in ecological research. The ways that the relationship is applied to the development of ecosystem management and policy have gradually gained attention after the Millennium Ecosystem Services Assessment in 2005. However, applying theoretical understanding of the relationship into practical management still faces challenges.

[Dynamics and spatial pattern prediction of lakes in the northern Tanggula Mountains, Tibet, China].

This study assessed the dynamics of lakes in the north Tanggula Mountains in Tibet (NT area) and predicted the spatial changes. We used object-oriented classification and a spectral-angle vector change detection method to generate ecosystem distribution data for the NT area at five-year interval between 2000 and 2015. Based on this dataset, we measured the spatial pattern of lake dynamics and related geophysical and meteorological factors.

[Effects of land use changes on soil water conservation in Hainan Island, China].

In tropical areas, a large number of natural forests have been transformed into other plantations, which affected the water conservation function of terrestrial ecosystems. In order to clari-fy the effects of land use changes on soil water conservation function, we selected four typical land use types in the central mountainous region of Hainan Island, i.e.

An Assessment of the Impact of Urbanization on Soil Erosion in Inner Mongolia.

Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, has experienced severe soil erosion following a period of rapid economic development and urbanization. To investigate how urbanization has influenced the extent of soil erosion in Inner Mongolia, we used urbanization and soil erosion data from 2000 through 2010 to determine the relationship between urbanization and soil erosion patterns. Two empirical equations-the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ)-were used to estimate the intensity of soil erosion, and we performed backward linear regression to model how it changed with greater urbanization.

Role of New Nature Reserve in Assisting Endangered Species Conservation - Case Study of Giant Pandas in the Northern Qionglai Mountains, China.

The creation of nature reserves is the most direct way to save endangered species populations and their habitat. Development of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) nature reserve network in China was initiated in the 1960s, though the effort to create new reserves boomed considerably after the year 2000. Given this rapid development of protected areas in panda habitats, and the potential conflicting interests between conservation administrations and local economic development, it is essential to assess the role of new nature reserves in the overall giant panda conservation effort and reserve network.

[Seasonal Dynamics of Airborne Pollens and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors in Beijing Urban Area].

The seasonal dynamics of airborne pollens and their relationship with meteorological conditions, which are considered to be important factors for appropriate construction of urban green system and reliable prevention of tropic pollinosis, were investigated in Beijing urban area. The airborne pollens were monitored from December 31st 2011 to December 31st 2012 by Burkard volumetric trap, and the data were analyzed. The results revealed that: (1) In 2012 the pollen dispersion period lasted 238 days from March 17 to November 18th, accounting for 65% of the year.

[Greenhouse gas emissions and net carbon sequestration of "Grain for Green" Program in China.].

Based on the estimation of carbon cost from afforestation in project boundary and carbon leakage out of boundary in the construction period of "Grain for Green" Program (GGP) (2000-2010), the annual variance and composition of the carbon cost and carbon leakage, as well as characters of variance of net carbon sequestration were analyzed for GGP and respective program regions. Results showed that the carbon costs in northwest region, southwest region, northeast region, north region and central south and east region were 3.38, 3.

[Ecosystem services valuation of Qinghai Lake].

Qinghai Lake is the largest inland and salt water lake in China, and provides important ecosystem services to beneficiaries. Economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services from Qinghai Lake can reveal the direct contribution of lake ecosystems to beneficiaries using economic data, which can advance the incorporation of wetland protection of Qinghai Lake into economic tradeoffs and decision analyses. In this paper, we established a final ecosystem services valuation system based on the underlying ecological mechanisms and regional socio-economic conditions.

[Regional and global estimates of carbon stocks and carbon sequestration capacity in forest ecosystems: A review].

As a dominant part of terrestrial ecosystems, forest ecosystem plays an important role in absorbing atmospheric CO2 and global climate change mitigation. From the aspects of zonal climate and geographical distribution, the present carbon stocks and carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystem were comprehensively examined based on the review of the latest literatures. The influences of land use change on forest carbon sequestration were analyzed, and factors that leading to the uncertainty of carbon sequestration assessment in forest ecosystem were also discussed.

[A research overview of methanogens].

Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere with a concentration (rate by volume) of 1.7 x 10(-6). Approximately 75% of methane in atmosphere comes from the activity of methanogens in the worldwide.

[Carbon metabolic characteristics of airborne microbes in Hangzhou].

Carbon metabolic characteristics in four sampling sites including Yan'an Road Business Street (YRBS), Tianmushan Jiaogong Cross Road (TJCR), Zhejiang Gongshang University Jiaogong Campus (ZJGSUJC) and Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Quyuan Garden (BLQG) in Hangzhou were analyzed using Biolog technology in this study. Results showed that average well color development (AWCD) values were at stationary phase after 240 h cultivation in all four selected sampling sites. Significant differences in sole carbon utilization characterized as AWCD value were found among the four sampling sites, and the highest carbon utilization capacity was observed at YRBS, followed by TJCR and ZJGSUJC, and the lowest at BLQG.

[Ecosystem services supply and consumption and their relationships with human well-being].

Sustainable ecosystem services supply is the basis of regional sustainable development, and human beings can satisfy and improve their well-being through ecosystem services consumption. To understand the relationships between ecosystem services supply and consumption and human well-being is of vital importance for coordinating the relationships between the conservation of ecosystem services and the improvement of human well-being. This paper summarized the diversity, complexity, and regionality of ecosystem services supply, the diversity and indispensability of ecosystem services consumption, and the multi-dimension, regionality, and various evaluation indices of human well-being, analyzed the uncertainty and multi-scale correlations between ecosystem services supply and consumption, and elaborated the feedback and asynchronous relationships between ecosystem services and human well-being.

[Studies on the size distribution of airborne microbes at home in Beijing].

The effect of airborne microbes on human health not only depends on their compositions (genera and species), but also on their concentrations and sizes. Moreover, there are different mechanisms of airborne microbes of different sizes with different effects on human health. The size distributions and median diameters were investigated in detail with imitated six-stage Andersen sampler in 31 selected family homes with children in Beijing.

[Characteristic comparative study of particulate matters in Beijing before and during the Olympics].

Two city ecosystem research stations were selected for continuous monitoring of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration from June to September 2008, when the Beijing Olympic Games was held. The relationship between meteorological factors, artificial control management measures and PM2.

[Effects of different forest restoration approaches on the soil quality in red soil region of Southern China].

In 2008-2009, an investigation was conducted on the effects of three typical forest restoration approaches, i. e., naturally restored secondary forest, artificially restored native species Pinus massoniana plantation (Masson pine plantation), and introduced species Pinus elliottii plantation (slash pine plantation), on the soil quality in red soil region of Southern China.

Benefits, costs, and livelihood implications of a regional payment for ecosystem service program.

Despite broad interest in using payment for ecosystem services to promote changes in the use of natural capital, there are few expost assessments of impacts of payment for ecosystem services programs on ecosystem service provision, program cost, and changes in livelihoods resulting from program participation. In this paper, we evaluate the Paddy Land-to-Dry Land (PLDL) program in Beijing, China, and associated changes in service providers' livelihood activities. The PLDL is a land use conversion program that aims to protect water quality and quantity for the only surface water reservoir that serves Beijing, China's capital city with nearly 20 million residents.

[Airborne fungal community composition in indoor environments in Beijing].

Indoor environmental quality has significant effects on human health. It is reported that adults in China spent about 80%-90% of their time in indoor environments, and a number of physically handicapped people such as the elderly and infants stayed in the room even up to 95% of their total time. Moreover, air conditioner in indoor environments becomes more and more important in modern life, and a closed circulatory system can be formed among human body, room and air conditioner in indoor environments with an air conditioner, which can make the microbes such as bacteria, viruses and mold indoors propagate rapidly or abundantly.

[Analysis of first flush effect of typical underlying surface runoff in Beijing urban city].

Rapid increase of the urban impervious underlying surfaces causes a great increase of urban runoff and the accumulation of pollutants on the roof and road surfaces brings many pollutants into the drainage system with the runoff, and it thus becomes a great threat to the urban water environment. To know the runoff pollution process and to build scientific basis for pollutant control, runoff processes from the roof and road surfaces were monitored and analyzed from 2004 to 2006, and the runoff EMC (Event Mean Concentration) was calculated. It was found that two types of runoff were seriously polluted by COD and TN.

[Natural forming causes of China population distribution].

The diverse natural environment in China causes the spatial heterogeneity of China population distribution. It is essential to understand the interrelations between the population distribution pattern and natural environment to enhance the understanding of the man-land relationship and the realization of the sustainable management for the population, resources, and environment. This paper analyzed the China population distribution by adopting the index of population density (PD) in combining with spatial statistic method and Lorenz curve, and discussed the effects of the natural factors on the population distribution and the interrelations between the population distribution and 16 indices including average annual precipitation (AAP), average annual temperature (AAT), average annual sunshine duration (AASD), precipitation variation (PV), temperature variation (TV), sunshine duration variation (SDV), relative humidity (RH), aridity index (AI), warmth index ( WI), > or = 5 degrees C annual accumulated temperature (AACT), average elevation (AE), relative height difference (RHD), surface roughness (SR), water system density (WSD), net primary productivity (NPP), and shortest distance to seashore (SDTS).

[Accumulation characteristics of arsenic in suburban soils of Beijing].

Various land uses and enormous environmental pressures are characteristics of suburbs. Full understanding of suburban soil pollution is necessary for urban planning and development. In this study, 167 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) located in suburbs of Beijing between the fifth and sixth ring road were collected based on the 3 km x 3 km grids.

[Diurnal variation and evaluation of water quality in different seasons of Panxi River in Chongqing].

Based on the investigation of water quality of Panxi River in different seasons, 2010, we assessed the diurnal variation of water quality in different seasons and the characteristics of water quality changes within a day by using non-parametric test, analysis of variance and grey relationship analysis. The results showed that the differences were not significant for Zn and Cu (P > 0.05), but significant differences existed among the pH, EC, DO, COD, TP, TSS, BOD5, NO(3-)-N, TN, NH(4+)-N, Pb and Cd contents.

[Diurnal variation and evaluation of water quality of Panxi River in spring].

Based on the investigation of water quality of Panxi River in spring, 2010, we assessed the diurnal variation of water quality in spring and the characteristics of water quality changes within a day by using non-parametric test, analysis of variance and grey relationship analysis. The results showed that the differences were not significant for t, DO, COD, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu (P > 0.05) in upstream, midstream and downstream, but significant difference existed among the pH, EC, TP, TSS, BOD5, NO3(-) -N, TN and NH4(+) -N contents.