Sodium butyrate mediates the MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis and modulates intestinal flora to alleviate glycinin-induced intestinal injury in Cyprinus carpio.

The study investigated the potential alleviating effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on intestinal injuries caused by glycinin in the diet of common carp. Fish were divided into six groups: a control group (without glycinin and SB), a Gly group (with glycinin), and four groups supplemented with different doses of SB (0.75, 1.

Nutritional status of patients with gastrointestinal cancers and analysis of factors for postoperative infections.

Background: Patients with gastrointestinal cancer have a higher risk of malnutrition and postoperative infection.

Objective: To investigate the nutritional status of patients with gastrointestinal cancers and factors for postoperative infections.

Method: Based on the nutritional risk status, 294 patients with gastrointestinal tumours were divided into a nutritional risk group and a non-nutritional risk group, and the differences between the two groups were compared.

Mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and intestinal damage induced by ingestion of microplastics in Leuciscus waleckii: The role of the NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

This study investigates the impact of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the growth, immunity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and intestinal health of Leuciscus waleckii (3.00 ± 0.02 g) juveniles over 8 weeks.

Iron-molybdenum cofactor synthesis by a thermophilic nitrogenase devoid of the scaffold NifEN.

The maturation and installation of the active site metal cluster (FeMo-co, FeSCMo--homocitrate) in Mo-dependent nitrogenase requires the protein product of the gene for production of the FeS cluster precursor (NifB-co, [FeSC]) and the action of the maturase complex composed of the protein products from the and genes. However, some putative diazotrophic bacteria, like sp. RS-1, lack the genes, suggesting an alternative pathway for maturation of FeMo-co that does not require NifEN.

A multispecific antibody against SARS-CoV-2 prevents immune escape in vitro and confers prophylactic protection in vivo.

Despite effective countermeasures, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) persists worldwide because of its ability to diversify and evade human immunity. This evasion stems from amino acid substitutions, particularly in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein that confers resistance to vaccine-induced antibodies and antibody therapeutics. To constrain viral escape through resistance mutations, we combined antibody variable regions that recognize different RBD sites into multispecific antibodies.

Microscale Thermophoresis (MST) as a Tool to Study Binding Interactions of Oxygen-Sensitive Biohybrids.

Microscale thermophoresis (MST) is a technique used to measure the strength of molecular interactions. MST is a -based technique that monitors the change in fluorescence associated with the movement of fluorescent-labeled molecules in response to a temperature gradient triggered by an IR LASER. MST has advantages over other approaches for examining molecular interactions, such as isothermal titration calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, biolayer interferometry, and surface plasmon resonance, requiring a small sample size that does not need to be immobilized and a high-sensitivity fluorescence detection.

Hole-scavenging in photo-driven N reduction catalyzed by a CdS-nitrogenase MoFe protein biohybrid system.

The light-driven reduction of dinitrogen (N) to ammonia (NH) catalyzed by a cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystal‑nitrogenase MoFe protein biohybrid is dependent on a range of different factors, including an appropriate hole-scavenging sacrificial electron donor (SED). Here, the impact of different SEDs on the overall rate of N reduction catalyzed by a CdS quantum dot (QD)-MoFe protein system was determined. The selection of SED was guided by several goals: (i) molecules with standard reduction potentials sufficient to reduce the oxidized CdS QD, (ii) molecules that do not absorb the excitation wavelength of the CdS QD, and (iii) molecules that could be readily reduced by sustainable processes.

Dynamic Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Adults.

Background: Simple and rapid tools for screening high-risk patients for perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are urgently needed to improve patient outcomes. We developed an online tool with machine-learning algorithms using routine variables based on multicenter data.

Methods: The entire dataset was composed of 49,768 surgical patients from 3 representative academic hospitals in China.

A voltammetric study of nitrogenase MoFe-protein using low-potential electron transfer mediators.

The molybdenum-iron protein (MoFeP), a component of the enzyme nitrogenase, catalyzes the reduction of an array of small molecules, including N to NH. In microorganisms, during the catalytic cycle, MoFeP receives electrons from the obligate biological redox partner iron protein (FeP) in a process coupled to the hydrolysis of two MgATP per one electron transferred. Despite the favorable redox properties of the cofactors, the requirement of the MgATP hydrolysis significantly decreases the energy efficiency of MoFeP.

Cryo-annealing of Photoreduced CdS Quantum Dot-Nitrogenase MoFe Protein Complexes Reveals the Kinetic Stability of the E(2N2H) Intermediate.

A critical step in the mechanism of N reduction to 2NH catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase is the reaction of the four-electron/four-proton reduced intermediate state of the active-site FeMo-cofactor (E(4H)). This state is a junction in the catalytic mechanism, either relaxing by the reaction of a metal bound Fe-hydride with a proton forming H or going forward with N binding coupled to the reductive elimination () of two Fe-hydrides as H to form the E(2N2H) state. E(2N2H) can relax to E(4H) by the oxidative addition () of H and release of N or can be further reduced in a series of catalytic steps to release 2NH.

Alleviative effect of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis in Cyprinus carpio.

In this study, the alleviative effects of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in bioflocs on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were evaluated. Common carp were irregularity divided into 5 groups and fed five diets with 0 % (CK), 2 %, 4 %, 6 % and 8 % PHB. After 8-week feeding trial, LPS challenge was executed.

A new, feasible, and convenient method based on semantic segmentation and deep learning for hemoglobin monitoring.

Objective: Non-invasive methods for hemoglobin (Hb) monitoring can provide additional and relatively precise information between invasive measurements of Hb to help doctors' decision-making. We aimed to develop a new method for Hb monitoring based on mask R-CNN and MobileNetV3 with eye images as input.

Methods: Surgical patients from our center were enrolled.

Serum Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 as a Potential Biomarker of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome.

Background And Aims: The results of basic research implicate the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family as a potential target of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). However, the negative results of anti-angiogenetic therapy in clinical studies have highlighted the need for markers for HPS. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether VEGF family members and their receptors can be potential biomarkers for HPS through clinical and experimental studies.

Enabling Quick Response to Nitrogen Dioxide at Room Temperature and Limit of Detection to Ppb Level by Heavily n-Doped Graphene Hybrid Transistor.

Sensitive detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO) is of significance in many areas for health and environmental protections. In this work, we developed an efficient NO sensor that can respond within seconds at room temperature, and the limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 100 ppb. Coating cyano-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (CN-PPV) films on graphene (G) layers can dope G sheets effectively to a heavy state.

Trispecific antibody targeting HIV-1 and T cells activates and eliminates latently-infected cells in HIV/SHIV infections.

Agents that can simultaneously activate latent HIV, increase immune activation and enhance the killing of latently-infected cells represent promising approaches for HIV cure. Here, we develop and evaluate a trispecific antibody (Ab), N6/αCD3-αCD28, that targets three independent proteins: (1) the HIV envelope via the broadly reactive CD4-binding site Ab, N6; (2) the T cell antigen CD3; and (3) the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. We find that the trispecific significantly increases antigen-specific T-cell activation and cytokine release in both CD4 and CD8 T cells.

A conformational equilibrium in the nitrogenase MoFe protein with an α-V70I amino acid substitution illuminates the mechanism of H formation.

Study of α-V70I-substituted nitrogenase MoFe protein identified Fe6 of FeMo-cofactor (FeSMoC-homocitrate) as a critical N binding/reduction site. Freeze-trapping this enzyme during Ar turnover captured the key catalytic intermediate in high occupancy, denoted E(4H), which has accumulated 4[e/H] as two bridging hydrides, Fe2-H-Fe6 and Fe3-H-Fe7, and protons bound to two sulfurs. E(4H) is poised to bind/reduce N as driven by mechanistically-coupled H reductive-elimination of the hydrides.

Correction: Noncovalent wedging effect catalyzed the to transformation of a surface-adsorbed polymer backbone toward an unusual thermodynamically stable supramolecular product.

Correction for 'Noncovalent wedging effect catalyzed the to transformation of a surface-adsorbed polymer backbone toward an unusual thermodynamically stable supramolecular product' by Zhi-Xuan Liu , , 2022, , 30010-30016, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP04184G.

The Fe Protein Cycle Associated with Nitrogenase Catalysis Requires the Hydrolysis of Two ATP for Each Single Electron Transfer Event.

A central feature of the current understanding of dinitrogen (N) reduction by the enzyme nitrogenase is the proposed coupling of the hydrolysis of two ATP, forming two ADP and two Pi, to the transfer of one electron from the Fe protein component to the MoFe protein component, where substrates are reduced. A redox-active [4Fe-4S] cluster associated with the Fe protein is the agent of electron delivery, and it is well known to have a capacity to cycle between a one-electron-reduced [4Fe-4S] state and an oxidized [4Fe-4S] state. Recently, however, it has been shown that certain reducing agents can be used to further reduce the Fe protein [4Fe-4S] cluster to a super-reduced, all-ferrous [4Fe-4S] state that can be either diamagnetic ( = 0) or paramagnetic ( = 4).

Noncovalent wedging effect catalyzed the to transformation of a surface-adsorbed polymer backbone toward an unusual thermodynamically stable supramolecular product.

The significant influence of noncovalent interactions on catalytic processes has been recently appreciated but is still in its infancy. In this report, it is found that wedging Me-PTCDI (small-molecule) between the alkyl chains of PffBT4T-2OD (polymer) and a graphite substrate can reduce the energy barrier of flipping over the surface-adsorbed alkylthiophene group from the to conformation, revealing the catalytic role of Me-PTCDI a noncovalent wedging effect. The wedging of Me-PTCDI brings the interactions between the alkyl chains and substrate to a very weak level by lifting up the alkyl chains, which eliminates the major hindrance of the flipping process to one main factor: the torsion of the dihedral angles of the thiophene group.