A circuit from the ventral subiculum to anterior hypothalamic nucleus GABAergic neurons essential for anxiety-like behavioral avoidance.

Behavioral observations suggest a connection between anxiety and predator defense, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here we examine the role of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN), a node in the predator defense network, in anxiety-like behaviors. By in vivo recordings in male mice, we find that activity of AHN GABAergic (AHN) neurons shows individually stable increases when animals approach unfamiliar objects in an open field (OF) or when they explore the open-arm of an elevated plus-maze (EPM).

Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Induced Oxidative Stress and Targeted Photo-thermal Antitumor Therapy.

Black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets with excellent features have been broadly employed for cancer therapy. BPs in blood were known to form BP nanomaterial-corona complexes, yet not explored their biological effects. In this study, BPs as delivery vehicles loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) (BP-DOX) by electrostatic interaction had been successfully prepared for photo-thermal/chemotherapy with a tumor inhibition rate of 81.

NFAT inhibitor 11R-VIVIT ameliorates mouse renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) with maladaptive tubular repair leads to renal fibrosis and progresses to chronic kidney disease (CKD). At present, there is no curative drug to interrupt AKI-to-CKD progression. The nuclear factor of the activated T cell (NFAT) family was initially identified as a transcription factor expressed in most immune cells and involved in the transcription of cytokine genes and other genes critical for the immune response.

Simultaneous determination of gallic acid, methyl gallate, and 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose from Turkish galls in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetics study.

Turkish galls (TG) is a traditional Uygur medicine typically used in clinics for dental disease and chronic ulcerative colitis. In this study, a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of gallic acid, methyl gallate, and 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose in rat plasma, which are the major bioactive compounds of TG. After a feasible protein precipitation using acetonitrile for sample preparation, chromatographic separation was performed with a BDS Hypersil C18 column (2.

Evodiamine has therapeutic efficacy in ulcerative colitis by increasing Lactobacillus acidophilus levels and acetate production.

Emerging evidence implicates gut microbiota have an important role in ulcerative colitis (UC). Previous study indicated that Evodiamine (EVO) can alleviate colitis through downregulating inflammatory pathways. However, specific relationship between EVO-treated colitis relief and regulation of gut microbiota is still unclear.

Enhancing the bioconversion of phytosterols to steroidal intermediates by the deficiency of kasB in the cell wall synthesis of Mycobacterium neoaurum.

Background: The bioconversion of phytosterols into high value-added steroidal intermediates, including the 9α-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (9-OHAD) and 22-hydroxy-23,24-bisnorchol-4-ene-3-one (4-HBC), is the cornerstone in steroid pharmaceutical industry. However, the low transportation efficiency of hydrophobic substrates into mycobacterial cells severely limits the transformation. In this study, a robust and stable modification of the cell wall in M.

Two new glycosides isolated from Sapindus mukorossi fruits: effects on cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation in human lung carcinoma cells.

Two new glycosides (1, 2) and two saponins (3, 4) were isolated from the fruits of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. The two glycosides were designated as sapindoside G (1) and 4'',4'''''-O-diacetylmukurozioside IIa (2). All four compounds exhibited inhibitory effects against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells with inhibition rates up to 69.

Multi-responses extraction optimization combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and chemometrics techniques for the fingerprint analysis of Aloe barbadensis Miller.

A quality control strategy using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) coupled with chemometrics analysis was proposed for Aloe barbadensis Miller. Firstly, the extraction conditions including methanol concentration, extraction time and solvent-to-material ratio were optimized by multi-responses optimization based on response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were achieved by Derringer's desirability function and experimental validation implied that the established model exhibited favorable prediction ability.

Simultaneous determination of borneol and its metabolite in rat plasma by GC-MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study.

A gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method has been developed and fully validated for the simultaneous determination of natural borneol (NB) and its metabolite, camphor, in rat plasma. Following a single liquid-liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an HP-5MS capillary column (0.25 mm×30 m×0.

A new triterpenoid saponin and an oligosaccharide isolated from the fruits of Sapindus mukorossi.

A new triterpenoid saponin (1) and a new oligosaccharide (2), together with three known saponins (3-5), have been isolated from n-BuOH extract of the fruits of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. The structures were elucidated using detailed analysis of one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra along with their mass spectrometric data and the results of acid hydrolysis. Of the isolated compounds 1 and 3-5 displayed cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell lines in A-549 (lung carcinoma), MDA-231 (breast carcinoma) and PC-3 (prostatic carcinoma).

Isolation and purification of orientin and vitexin from Trollius chinensis Bunge by high-speed counter-current chromatography.

Orientin and vitexin are the two main bioactive compounds in Trollius chinensis Bunge. In this study, a rapid method was established for the isolation and purification of orientin and vitexin from T. chinensis Bunge using high-speed counter-current chromatography in one step, with a solvent system of ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (4:1:5, v/v/v).

One-step separation and purification of two chromones and one pyrone from Aloe barbadensis Miller: a comparison between reversed-phase flash chromatography and high-speed counter current chromatography.

Introduction: Chromones and pyrones are the major secondary metabolites of Aloe barbadensis Miller. As they are minor components of the plant, an efficient purification procedure for them is of great importance for promoting their pharmacological studies.

Objective: To develop efficient methods for one-step separation and purification of two chromones (5-((S)-2'-oxo-4'-hydroxypentyl)-2-hydroxymethylchromone (1) and 5-((4E)-2'-oxo-pentenyl)-2-hydroxymethylchromone (3)) and one pyrone (aloenin aglycone (2)) from A.

Simultaneous Quantification of Limonin, Two Indolequinazoline Alkaloids, and Four Quinolone Alkaloids in Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth by HPLC-DAD Method.

A simple and efficient HPLC-DAD (225 nm) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of limonin and six key alkaloids (evodiamine, rutaecarpine, 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, evocarpine, 1-methy-2-[(6Z,9Z)]-6,9-pentadecadienyl-4-(1H)-quinolone, and dihydroevocarpine) in Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth, which has been widely used as one of the Traditional Chinese Medicines. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Hypersil BDS C18 column, and gradient elution was employed with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and water.

Quantitative and chemical fingerprint analysis for the quality evaluation of Isatis indigotica based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector combined with chemometric methods.

A simple and reliable method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) was developed to control the quality of Radix Isatidis (dried root of Isatis indigotica) for chemical fingerprint analysis and quantitative analysis of eight bioactive constituents, including R,S-goitrin, progoitrin, epiprogoitrin, gluconapin, adenosine, uridine, guanosine, and hypoxanthine. In quantitative analysis, the eight components showed good regression (R > 0.9997) within test ranges, and the recovery method ranged from 99.

Preliminary study on a single balloon cross-midline expansion via unipedicular approach in kyphoplasty.

Background: Recently, bilateral transpedicular kyphoplasty with a single balloon was performed for osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures (OVCFs) to reduce the fees of the operation, but the time of operation and radiation exposure are longer. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of a single balloon cross-midline expansion via unipedicular approach in kyphoplasty for OVCFs.

Methods: Thirty-six patients with painful OVCFs (61 vertebrae) were enrolled in this research.

[Mass spectrometric analysis of quinazoline alkaloid and limonin from Fructus Evodiae].

Objective: To study Mass spectrometry of quinazoline alkaloid and limonin from Fructus Evodiae by an electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry.

Methods: The ESI source was set at the positive ionization mode, and the MS1 and MS2 spectra of quinazoline alkaloid and limonin were acquired.

Results: The main fragments of quinazoline alkaloid and limonin from Fructus Evodiae were analyzed.

[Analysis of the main components of coptis-evodia herb couple by HPLC-DAD-MS].

A comprehensive HPLC-DAD-MS method was developed to study the chemical components of semi-bionic extract of Coptis-Evodia herb couple. The extract was isolated on a Hypersil BDS C18 column (4.6 mm x 200 mm, 5 microm) using acetonitrile-ammonium formic buffer as mobile phase by gradient elution.

[Percutaneous kyphoplasty with double or single balloon in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compressive fracture: a clinical controlled study].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous bipediculary kyphoplasty with double or single balloon I treatment of osteoporosis vertebral compressive fractures.

Methods: Fifty-one patients with painful osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture involving 69 vertebrae. 19 males and 32 females, aged 72.

Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of the novel anticancer drug, SYUIQ-5, in the rat.

SYUIQ-5, a novel telomerase inhibitor, has demonstrated antitumor activity in nude mouse studies. The objective of the present study was to examine the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of SYUIQ-5 in rats. The plasma pharmacokinetics of SYUIQ-5 was nonlinear following i.