MG132 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia via Akt/FOXO3a/Bim pathway.

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common pediatric cancers, characterized by the malignant proliferation of leukemic cells. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for refractory and relapsed ALL remains poor, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic targets and approaches.

Methods: To investigate the anti-leukemic properties of MG132, MTS assays were employed to assess cell viability, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis.

Intensive chemotherapy with dual induction and ALL-like consolidation for childhood acute myeloid leukemia: a respective report from multiple centers in China.

Background: Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has poor prognosis and high rate of relapse and mortality, and exploration of new treatment options is still critically needed.

Objectives: To summarize the outcome of our new treatment strategies for pediatric AML, which is characterized by dual induction and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) elements consolidation.

Design: Retrospective, single-arm study.

MTHFR-C677T Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: The association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism (rs1801133) and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is inconsistent.

Objective: To explore the relationship between MTHFR-C677T polymorphism and susceptibility to childhood ALL.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and other databases were searched from the establishment of the database to November 2019, and all the case-control studies that met the inclusion criteria were collected.

Arsenic trioxide induces autophagic degradation of the FLT3-ITD mutated protein in FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia cells.

The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations is poor. Some studies, including our previous study, have indicated that arsenic trioxide (ATO) exhibited significant anti-carcinogenic activity in FLT3-ITD AML cells and explored the possibility of targeting the FLT3-ITD protein for degradation as a therapy. Autophagy is a critical mechanism of the anti-leukemic effects of ATO.

Melatonin inhibits MLL-rearranged leukemia via RBFOX3/hTERT and NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathways.

MLL-rearranged leukemia is an aggressive malignancy associated with poor outcome, which is refractory to conventional treatment. Melatonin has been proven to exert anti-tumor activity, but the effect of melatonin on MLL-r leukemia and the underlying mechanism remain poorly understood. In this study, melatonin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by activating the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway in MLL-r leukemia cells.

Multicenter randomized trial of arsenic trioxide and Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula in pediatric patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia: Interim results of the SCCLG-APL clinical study.

Intravenous arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been adopted as the first-line treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Another arsenic compound named the Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula (RIF), an oral traditional Chinese medicine containing As S , has been shown to be highly effective in treating adult APL. In the treatment of pediatric APL, the safety and efficacy of RIF remains to be confirmed.

MiR-124 contributes to glucocorticoid resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by promoting proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis and targeting the glucocorticoid receptor.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal lymphoblasts in the bone marrow and blood. Though great progress has been made for improvement in clinical treatment during the past decades, some children with ALL still relapsed. Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance is an important clinical problem for ALL treatment failure.

Arsenic trioxide and all-trans-retinoic acid selectively exert synergistic cytotoxicity against FLT3-ITD AML cells via co-inhibition of FLT3 signaling pathways.

FLT3-ITD mutations occur in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with a poor outcome. Currently available FLT3 inhibitors have in vitro but limited clinical activity in FLT3-ITD AML. Reports have shown that an arsenic trioxide (ATO)/all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) combination improves prognosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia, especially with FLT3-ITD, and ATO or ATRA alone enhances apoptosis in FLT3-ITD AML cells treated with FLT3 inhibitors, providing a rationale to investigate the role of ATO/ATRA in FLT3-ITD AML.

Butein inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest in acute lymphoblastic leukemia via FOXO3a/p27kip1 pathway.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common hematological malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of leukemia cells in children. Discovering and developing effective chemotherapeutic drugs are needed for ALL. In this study, we investigated the anti-leukemic activity of butein and its action mechanisms in ALL.

Flavokawain B inhibits the growth of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells via p53 and caspase-dependent mechanisms.

The development of novel chemotherapeutic drugs is needed for the treatment of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, the anti-leukemic effect and the potential molecular mechanisms of action of flavokawain B on ALL were investigated. Flavokawain B was found to significantly inhibit the cellular proliferation of B-ALL and T-ALL cell lines in a dose-dependent manner.

Mandibuloacral dysplasia type A-associated progeria caused by homozygous LMNA mutation in a family from Southern China.

Background: Mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MADA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by growth retardation, skeletal abnormality with progressive osteolysis of the distal phalanges and clavicles, craniofacial anomalies with mandibular hypoplasia, lipodystrophy and mottled cutaneous pigmentation. Some patients may show progeroid features. MADA with partial lipodystrophy, more marked acral, can be caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding lamin A and lamin C (LMNA).

Obesity as the initial manifestation of central nervous system relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: case report and literature review.

A 6-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission experienced hyperphagia, obesity, and emotional disorders. Cytomorphologic examination of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and cranial MRI did not help in differentiating between central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) and other CNS diseases including tuberculosis in this boy. Flow cytometric CSF analysis on repeated lumber puncture detected lymphoblasts, while microscopic CSF examination did not definitively show relapse disease.

[microRNA expression in childhood acute granulocytic leukemia and its subtypes].

Objective: Recent studies have suggested that there is a close relation between microRNA and acute leukemia (AL). The aim of this study was to investigate and better understand the classification and diagnosis of AL as well as pathogenesis and prognosis of this disease.

Methods: A total of 93 children with AL and and 12 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (as control group) were enrolled in this study.

[Ultracytochemical observation of the intracellular localization of H+-adenosine triphosphatase].

Objective: To observe the ultracytochemical localization of H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (H(+)-ATPase) in the cell organelles.

Methods: The localization of H(+)-ATPase in the cell organelles was observed in the hepatocytes and renal cells of Wistar rats using routine ultracytochemical methods.

Results: H(+)-ATPase activities were observed on the lysosomal membrane and nuclear envelope of the hepatocytes and proximal tubule epithelial cells of the nephron in Wistar rats.

Five Chinese pediatric patients with leukemias possibly arising from immature natural killer cells: clinical features and courses.

Leukemias arising from immature nature killer (NK) cells have been proposed as distinct entities and are rare. Treatment and prognosis of these diseases are controversial, and data on children are limited. According to the literature, one of these distinct leukemias may be myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukemia (MNKPL), with the blasts being cytochemically myeloperoxidase negative (MPO(-)) and phenotypically CD56(+)CD3(-)CD7(+)CD34(+) and myeloid antigens(+).

[PKD3 contributes to up-regulation of prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer cells].

Objective: To investigate the role of PKD3 in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression regulation in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells and explore the mechanism.

Methods: LNCaP cells containing low level of PKD3 were transfected with pEGFP-C2 or pEGFP-PKD3 plasmid followed by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment, and PSA mRNA level was analyzed by RT-QPCR using 2(-delta delta Ct) method. Wild-type or kinase-dead PKD3 plasmids, human androgen receptor plasmid pSVAR0, pMMTV-luc of AR luciferase reporter and renilla luciferase reporter pRL-SV40 were cotransfected into HEK293 cells, and after treatment with DHT for 24 h, the cells were harvested and AR transcriptional activity were determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay.

[Protein kinase D3 is involved in negative regulation of MMP-7 in prostate cancer cells].

Objective: To explore the role of protein kinase D3 (PKD3) in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases 7 (MMP-7) expression in prostate cancer cells.

Methods: PC-3 cells were either stimulated with 100 nmol/L PMA to activate PKD3 kinase activity, or transiently transfected with PKD3 siRNA, and the relative expression level of MMP-7 mRNA were analyzed by real-time PCR using 2(-delta delta Ct) method. MMP-7 mRNA levels were also analyzed and quantified in HEK293 cells with over-expression of wild-type PKD3, PKD3 knockdown (using PKD3 siRNA), or over-expression of wild-type PKD3 followed by PKD3 knockdown.

[Three-dimensional design of surgery for mandibular retrusion].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of surgical design for mandibular retrusion using three-dimensional software.

Methods: Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed by Mimics software based on the preoperative CT data. The model of the maxillofacial region was imported into Rapidform software for measuring the associated parameters and Geomagic software for simulation of osteotomy.

A prospective study of febrile episodes in inpatient children on chemotherapy.

In 538 febrile episodes in 188 children enrolled prospectively, 62% of children were neutropenic and 86% had infection-related fever. Respiratory infection was the commonest febrile cause (60%). Bacteremia occurred more often in neutropenic than non-neutropenic episodes (20% vs.

Genome-wide analysis of small RNA and novel MicroRNA discovery in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on extensive sequencing approach.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to play an important role in various cellular processes and function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in cancers including leukemia. The identification of a large number of novel miRNAs and other small regulatory RNAs will provide valuable insights into the roles they play in tumorgenesis.

Methodology/principal Findings: To gain further understanding of the role of miRNAs relevant to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we employed the sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) strategy to sequence small RNA libraries prepared from ALL patients and normal donors.

Current status of diagnosis and prognosis of infant acute leukemia in China.

Objective: Treatment and outcome of infant acute leukemia (IAL) in developed countries have been well documented. However, reports summarizing diagnosis and outcome of IAL in developing countries are limited.

Methods: Five hundred ninety seven pediatric patients were diagnosed with acute leukemia in our hospital between January 1997 and June 2008, of which 19 were younger than 12 months.

Improved outcome for Chinese children with acute promyelocytic leukemia: a comparison of two protocols.

Objective: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is now highly curable, except in many developing countries. Introduction of current treatment strategies may improve the outcome for children with APL in these countries.

Methods: The diagnosis was based on the FAB classification and detection of PML-RAR alpha rearrangement.

High-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China: factors influencing the treatment and outcome.

Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with high-risk features has an inferior outcome. Factors influencing the treatment and outcome of pediatric ALL with high-risk features in developing countries have not been well studied.

Methods: High-risk features were defined as: age <1 year or >10 years, white blood cell (WBC) > 50 x 10(9)/L, CNS or testicular involvement at diagnosis, T-ALL, BCR-ABL/MLL-AF4, poor prednisone response, slow early response to induction chemotherapy which was defined as M3 status (>25% blasts) on day 15 bone marrow with age >6 years or presenting WBC > 20 x 10(9)/L at diagnosis and/or non-remission (NR) after 33 days of induction therapy.

Maintenance therapy with dose-adjusted 6-mercaptopurine in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis.

There are challenges for diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH). This clinical trial was to review the diagnosis and evaluate the efficacy of maintenance therapy with dose-adjusted 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) in IPH children. Fifteen children were enrolled.

High-dose chemotherapy without stem cell transplantation for refractory childhood systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Intensive chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is effective for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). When intensive chemotherapy is immunoablative but nonmyeloablative, ASCT for hematopoietic reconstitution, with the risk of reinfusing autoreactive lymphocytes, is unnecessary.

Methods: Four children aged 12-16 years were enrolled, 3 with WHO class IV nephritis, 2 with hemolytic anemia and 1 with thrombocytopenia.