Mechanism of Glucose Regulates the Fruiting Body Formation in the Beech Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Hypsizygus marmoreus (Agaricomycetes).

To understand the fruiting process of Hypsizygus marmoreus, a synthetic liquid medium (SLM) was optimized to induce fruiting body initiation. Dependent on the SLM, the effect of a monofactor (glucose) on the fruiting bodies of H. marmoreus was studied at different concentrations (10 and 40 g/L).

The robustness of multiplex networks under layer node-based attack.

From transportation networks to complex infrastructures, and to social and economic networks, a large variety of systems can be described in terms of multiplex networks formed by a set of nodes interacting through different network layers. Network robustness, as one of the most successful application areas of complex networks, has attracted great interest in a myriad of research realms. In this regard, how multiplex networks respond to potential attack is still an open issue.

An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for the edible mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus.

Hypsizygus marmoreus is one of the major edible mushrooms in East Asia. As no efficient transformation method, the molecular and genetics studies were hindered. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene of H.

[Effects of high-fiber diet on timing of behaviors in Bandicota indica].

Food resources and energy budget affect the behaviors and time budgets of animals. To clarify the effects of a high-fiber diet on greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) behavior, we compared B. indica under a high-fiber diet and a standard rat diet using video monitoring.

Sex- and gonad-affecting scent compounds and 3 male pheromones in the rat.

This study was aimed at identifying sex pheromones of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). We characterized the volatiles and semivolatiles of rat preputial gland and voided urine by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantified them by their GC areas (abundances) and percentage of GC areas (relative abundances). Although all the compounds other than 4-heptanone and phenol detected were shared by males and females, the quantities for some of these sex-common compounds exhibited sexual dimorphism and decreased with gonadectomy.

A simple, rapid and effective method for total RNA extraction from Lentinula edodes.

A rapid, inexpensive and reliable method for total RNA extraction from fruiting bodies of Lentinula edodes containing large quantities of polysaccharides and secondary metabolites is described. An initial extraction step using saturated NaCl solution facilitates the separation of nucleic acids from contaminants and, after further extraction with organic solvents and precipitation with 2-propanol, total RNA of high purity and suitable for applications such as cDNA synthesis, RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridization was obtained. The procedure may also have wider applicability for total RNA extraction from the tissues of other mushrooms.