Antifouling activity of terpenoids from the corals and sp. against the bryozoan .

Marine natural products are promising sources of green antifoulants. Here, a new compound () was isolated from the soft coral . This compound, another nine cembranoids (-) from , and three eunicellin-type diterpenoids (-) from the gorgonian sp.

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a fish specific interferon regulatory factor, IRF11, in orange spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides.

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are transcription mediators which play vital roles in multiple biological processes, such as antiviral defense, immune response, cell growth regulation and apoptosis. A fish specific IRF, termed IRF11, has been identified in previous study through searching fish genome databases. Herein, a transcript of IRF11, EcIRF11 was cloned from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides.

[Dynamic changes of dominant tree species in broad-leaved Korean pine forest at different succession stages in Changbai Mountains].

Taking the broad-leaved Korean pine forest stands at four different succession stages after clear-cutting in Changbai Mountains as test objects, this paper studied the change characteristics of community composition and dominant species. The tree species richness, Shannon diversity index, and Simpson dominance index at different succession stages had less change, but the evenness and abundance changed greatly. As succession progressed, the community composition changed constantly, i.

[Factors influencing the content of residual tert-butyl alcohol in cyclodextrin complex prepared by lyophilization cosolvent system].

In order to minimize the residual tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) level in cyclodextrin complex prepared by freeze drying TBA/water cosolvent system, the formulation and lyophilization procedure that may influence the residual TBA was studied. Residual TBA in freeze dried cyclodextrin complex was determined by gas chromatography. The significant formulation and processing factors that influence residual TBA were identified by adjusting the initial TBA concentration in cosolvent, selecting cyclodextrin type (beta-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin), changing sample volume in flasket, altering freezing mode (fast freezing or slow freezing) and modifying the duration of secondary drying.

[Determination of liposome/water partition coefficients of salmeterol and budesonide and study on their influencing factors].

Aim: The liposome/water partition coefficients of salmeterol and budesonide between aqueous phase and liposomes were determined and the factors that influence their partition coefficients were studied, the mechanism of interaction between the two drugs and phospholipid bilayer was elucidated.

Methods: The liposome/water partition coefficients of the two drugs were determined by equilibrium dialysis technique. The change of the partition coefficients of the two drugs along with liposome composition and medium was also studied.