[Sex differences in clinical outcomes of extremely preterm infants/extremely low birth weight infants: a propensity score matching study].

Objectives: To study the effect of sex on the clinical outcome of extremely preterm infants (EPIs)/extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) by propensity score matching.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical data of 731 EPIs or ELBWIs who were admitted from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020. These infants were divided into two groups: male and female.

Lateral epicondyle osteotomy approach vs. olecranon osteotomy approach: an anatomic study of cadavers.

Background: Exposure of the articular surface is the key to successful open reduction and internal fixation treatment for coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus. The olecranon osteotomy approach has previously been described as one of the most effective exposure approaches. Nevertheless, this approach cannot expose the anterior trochlea, and it is impossible to reduce and fix the capitellum under direct vision.

Lateral epicondyle osteotomy approach for coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus: Report of three cases and review of the literature.

Background: Coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus are rare injuries and are technically challenging to manage. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) has become the preferred treatment because it provides anatomical reduction, stable internal fixation, and early motion, but the optimal surgical approach remains controversial.

Case Summary: We report three cases of coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus treated successfully by ORIF a novel surgical approach, in which lateral epicondyle osteotomy was performed based on the extended lateral approach.

Postnatal high-protein diet improves learning and memory in premature rats via activation of mTOR signaling.

Purpose: The present study investigated whether a high-protein diet affects spatial learning and memory in premature rats via modulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling.

Methods: Pre- and full-term Sprague-Dawley pups were fed a normal (18% protein) or high-protein (30% protein) diet (HPD) for 6 or 8 weeks after weaning. Spatial learning and memory were tested in the Morris water maze at week 6 and 8.