Triptolide exposure triggers ovarian inflammation by activating cGAS-STING pathway and decrease oocyte quality in mouse.

Triptolide (TPL), a prominent bioactive constituent derived from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, exhibits diverse pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor and anti-immune properties. Despite its extensive clinical application for the treatment of arthritis and immune disorders, TPL has been associated with multiorgan toxicity, including adverse effects on the female reproductive system. However, the precise mechanisms underlying TPL-induced ovarian damage remain poorly understood.

Treatment of Parkinson's disease model with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded with BDNF.

Aims: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that has received widespread attention; however, current clinical treatments can only relieve its symptoms, and do not effectively protect dopaminergic neurons. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF-EXO) on PD models and to explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects.

Main Methods: 6-Hydroxydopamine was used to establish in vivo and in vitro PD models.

Accumulated inflammation and fibrosis participate in atrazine induced ovary toxicity in mice.

Atrazine is a widely used herbicide in agricultural production. Previous studies have shown that atrazine affects hormone secretion and oocyte maturation in female reproduction. However, the specific mechanism by which atrazine affects ovarian function remains unclear.

Aristolochic acid I exposure triggers ovarian dysfunction by activating NLRP3 inflammasome and affecting mitochondrial homeostasis.

Aristolochic acids are widely distributed in the plants of Aristolochiaceae family and Asarum species. Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is the most frequent compound of aristolochic acids, which can accumulate in the soil, and then contaminates crops and water and enters the human body. Research has shown that AAI affects the reproductive system.

Chloroacetonitrile exposure induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and affects spindle assembly in mouse oocytes.

Chloroacetonitrile (CAN) is a halogenated acetonitrile often produced while disinfecting drinking water. Previous studies have shown that maternal exposure to CAN interferes with fetal development; however, the adverse effects on maternal oocytes remain unknown. In this study, in vitro exposure of mouse oocytes to CAN reduced maturation significantly.

Cobalt chloride exposure disturbs spindle assembly and decreases mouse oocyte development potential.

Cobalt is a kind of heavy metal which is widely used in petrochemical and biomedical industries. Animal studies have reported that cobalt would exert systemic toxicity, but its effects on the ovarian function in mammals, especially for oocyte quality remains unknown. In the present study, we report that cobalt chloride treatment affects ovary coefficient and follicular growth.

3-MCPD exposure enhances ovarian fibrosis and reduces oocyte quality in mice.

3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a food contaminant believed to be harmful to human health. Previous studies showed that 3-MCPD exerts toxic effects in multiple tissues, but whether 3-MCPD affects female reproductive function remained unknown. Here, using mouse gastric lavage models, we report that 3-MCPD exposure for four weeks affected body growth, decreased the ovary/body weight ratio, and increased atretic follicle numbers.

Triptolide exposure induces oxidative stress and decreases oocyte quality in mouse.

Triptolide is a major active ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. However, in clinical studies, triptolide has toxic side effects on the heart, kidney, liver and reproductive organs. With respect to female reproductive toxicity, damaging effects of triptolide on the ovary have been reported, but it has remained unknown whether oocytes are affected by triptolide.

Acrylonitrile exposure triggers ovarian inflammation and decreases oocyte quality probably via mitochondrial dysfunction induced apoptosis in mice.

Acrylonitrile is an organic chemical synthetic monomer that is widely used in food packaging and manufacturing. Animal studies have reported that acrylonitrile is carcinogenic and toxic, but the effects on the female reproductive function in mammals are unknown. In the present study, we report that acrylonitrile treatment affects ovarian homeostasis in mice, resulting in impaired follicular development.

Nickel sulfate exposure induces ovarian inflammation and fibrosis and decreases oocyte quality in mice.

Nickel is a heavy metal element extensively distributed in the environment and widely used in modern life. Divalent nickel is one of the most widespread forms of nickel and has been reported as toxic to various tissues. However, whether exposure to divalent nickel negatively affects ovarian homeostasis and oocyte quality remains unclear.

Captan exposure disrupts ovarian homeostasis and affects oocytes quality via mitochondrial dysfunction induced apoptosis.

Captan is a non-systematic fungicide widely used in agricultural production, and its residues have been found in the environment and daily diet. Previous studies confirmed that captan exerts several toxic effects on tissues, but its effect on the mammalian female reproductive system is unclear. In current study, we reported that captan affected mouse ovarian homeostasis and disrupted female hormone receptor expression, leading to impaired follicular development.

Thiamethoxam Exposure Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Affects Ovarian Function and Oocyte Development in Mice.

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in modern agriculture, and their residues have been found in the environment and food. Previous studies reported that neonicotinoids exert toxic effects in various tissues, but whether they interfered with the female reproductive process remains unknown. In our present research, thiamethoxam was selected as a representative neonicotinoid to establish a mouse toxicity model with gavage.

Protective effects of poly (butyl) cyanoacrylate nanoparticles containing vasoactive intestinal peptide against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in vitro.

The present study investigated brain delivery system of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) adsorbed on poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles coated with polysorbate 80 (P80-poly (butyl) cyanoacrylate (PBCA)-nanoparticles (NPs)) and the neuroprotective effects on the formulation in the model of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinsonian dysfunction in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Drug-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion polymerization method using VIP and PBCA and then stirring with polysorbate 80. The resulting nanoparticles possessed high entrapment efficiency and favorable stability against CaCl2 or fetal bovine serum (FBS)-induced aggregation.