Efficient and Flexible Method for Reducing Moderate-Size Deep Neural Networks with Condensation.

Neural networks have been extensively applied to a variety of tasks, achieving astounding results. Applying neural networks in the scientific field is an important research direction that is gaining increasing attention. In scientific applications, the scale of neural networks is generally moderate size, mainly to ensure the speed of inference during application.

Implicit Regularization of Dropout.

It is important to understand how dropout, a popular regularization method, aids in achieving a good generalization solution during neural network training. In this work, we present a theoretical derivation of an implicit regularization of dropout, which is validated by a series of experiments. Additionally, we numerically study two implications of the implicit regularization, which intuitively rationalizes why dropout helps generalization.

Chemerin-9 in paraventricular nucleus increases sympathetic outflow and blood pressure via glutamate receptor-mediated ROS generation.

Chemerin is an adipokine involved in regulating energy homeostasis and reproductive function. Excessive sympathetic activity contributes to hypertension, chronic heart failure and chronic renal disease. Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is crucial in regulating sympathetic activity and blood pressure.

Asprosin in the Paraventricular Nucleus Induces Sympathetic Activation and Pressor Responses via cAMP-Dependent ROS Production.

Asprosin is a newly discovered adipokine that is involved in regulating metabolism. Sympathetic overactivity contributes to the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the regulation of sympathetic outflow and blood pressure.

Data-informed deep optimization.

Motivated by the impressive success of deep learning in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications, we explore in this work the application of deep learning into a specific class of optimization problems lacking explicit formulas for both objective function and constraints. Such optimization problems exist in many design problems, e.g.

Neural networks of different species, brain areas and states can be characterized by the probability polling state.

Cortical networks are complex systems of a great many interconnected neurons that operate from collective dynamical states. To understand how cortical neural networks function, it is important to identify their common dynamical operating states from the probabilistic viewpoint. Probabilistic characteristics of these operating states often underlie network functions.

Responsiveness and Predictive Ability of the Chinese Version of the Action Research Arm Test in People with Cerebral Infarction.

Purpose: To detect the responsiveness and predictive ability of the Chinese version Action Research Arm Test (C-ARAT) in participants within the first 3 months after cerebral infarction.

Methods: Ninety-seven individuals (75 men, mean age 59.87 ± 10.

Maximum entropy principle analysis in network systems with short-time recordings.

In many realistic systems, maximum entropy principle (MEP) analysis provides an effective characterization of the probability distribution of network states. However, to implement the MEP analysis, a sufficiently long-time data recording in general is often required, e.g.

Translation and Initial Validation of the Chinese Version of the Action Research Arm Test in People with Stroke.

Purpose: This study aimed to translate the English version of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) into Chinese and to evaluate the initial validation of the Chinese version (C-ARAT) in patients with a first stroke.

Methods: An expert group translated the original ARAT from English into Chinese using a forward-backward procedure. Forty-four patients (36 men and 8 women) aged 22-80 years with a first stroke were enrolled in this study.

Dynamical and Coupling Structure of Pulse-Coupled Networks in Maximum Entropy Analysis.

Maximum entropy principle (MEP) analysis with few non-zero effective interactions successfully characterizes the distribution of dynamical states of pulse-coupled networks in many fields, e.g., in neuroscience.

The Crucial Changes of Sit-to-Stand Phases in Subacute Stroke Survivors Identified by Movement Decomposition Analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the key changes during sit-to-stand (STS) movement cycle in hemiparetic stroke survivors using a five-phase kinematic and kinetic analysis.

Methods: Twenty-five subacute stroke survivors and 17 age-matched healthy adults participated in this study. The kinematic and kinetic parameters during STS cycle were measured using three-dimensional motion analysis system with force plates.

Effect of Virtual Reality on Postural and Balance Control in Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Literature Review.

. To critically evaluate the studies that were conducted over the past 10 years and to assess the impact of virtual reality on static and dynamic balance control in the stroke population. .

[Clinical application of neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery of pituitary adenomas].

Objectives: To summarize the experiences in clinical application of neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery of specific pituitary adenomas, and to discuss its indications.

Methods: From January 2006 to December 2010, 138 cases of transsphenoidal microsurgery for specific pituitary adenomas under neuronavigation were reviewed. The indications for neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery includes: recurrent or regrowth of residual pituitary adenomas after former transsphenoidal surgery in 36 cases, invasive pituitary adenomas in 45 cases, extremely laterally or deeply situated microadenomas in 45 cases, poor pneumatization of the sphenoid in 4 cases, skull base anomalies due to osteodysplasia fibrosa in 3 cases, narrow space between bilateral internal carotid arteries in 4 cases, distortion of nasal septum in 1 case.

[Management of pulmonary thromboembolism in post-operative neurosurgical patients].

Objective: To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in post-operative neurosurgical patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 7 patients who experienced pulmonary thromboembolism after neurosurgical operations in our department from October 2009 to March 2010.

Results: Of these 7 patients, 6 were confirmed with computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and 1 was diagnosed according to the clinical manifestations and other diagnostic examinations.

[An analysis of randomized controlled trials published in the Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery between 2003-2009].

Objective: To study the academic level of randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in the Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery between 2003 and 2009.

Methods: Published RCTs in the 42 issues of the Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery was searched for relevant articles published between 2003 and 2009. Data extracted for analysis included the time at manuscript received, publication time, total number of citations, number of citations in Chinese, number of citations in English, author's affiliations, single- or multi- center study, positive conclusions from RCTs, number of patients recruited in RCTs, research funding source, the start time, the finish time and the number of authors in RCTs.

[Transsphenoidal microsurgical results of non-invasive prolactinomas].

Objective: To analyze the transsphenoidal microsurgical results of non-invasive prolactinomas, in order to provide reference for their treatment choice.

Methods: To review the transsphenoidal microsurgical results of 234 non-invasive prolactinomas treated in our department in recent 10 years, and to analyze the prognostic factors. There were 18 males and 216 females, aged between 13 and 58 years, averaged (31.

[Effects of soybean isoflavones on the cell cycles, the cell apoptosis and the proliferation of spleen in radiated mice].

Aim: To study effect of soybean isoflavones (SI) on spleen in radiated mice.

Methods: 90 male mice were randomly divided into control group, radiated group, radiated plus 0.5% dose SI group.

[Effects of pumpkin polysaccharides on blood glucose and blood lipids in diabetic rats].

Aim: To investigate the effects of pumpkin polysaccharides on blood glucose and lipids levels in diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetic rats induced by alloxan through intraperitoneal injection were randomly divided into three groups, diabetes, xiaoke pill and pumpkin polysaccharides group, according to weight and blood glucose level. And the normal control group was founded at the same time.

Reconstruction of the sellar floor following transsphenoidal surgery using gelatin foam and fibrin glue.

Objective: To introduce a new principle of sellar reconstruction and to evaluate the effectiveness of absorbable gelatin foam and fibrin glue for sellar reconstruction.

Methods: A total of 176 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for pituitary adenomas, cysts, chordomas, or subdiaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas in the sella turcica between January 2001 and April 2003 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled. Different techniques of sellar closure and indications for each specific condition were retrospectively reviewed.

Effect of preoperative use of long-acting octreotide on growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma and transsphenoidal surgery.

Objective: To investigate whether somatostatin analog octreotide long acting release (LAR) shrinks growth hormone (GH) secreting adenomas, and improves the results of subsequent transsphenoidal surgery.

Methods: Seventeen previously untreated active acromegalic patients with pituitary adenomas were treated with LAR (30 mg intramuscular injection every 28 days) for 3 months prior to transsphenoidal surgery. Clinical reaction, mean GH secretion, and tumor volume were measured under basal conditions and after LAR treatment.

[Effects of genistein on bone mineralization in ovariectomized rats].

Aim: To investigate the effects of genistein on bone mineralization in ovariectomized rats.

Methods: Forty-seven Wistar rats were randomly allocated into six groups: sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (ovx), ovariectomized supplied with diethyl stilbestrol (E, 20 microg x kg bw(-1) x d(-1)) or genistein (25, 50, 100 mg x kg bw(-1) x d(-1)). After the rats had been fed for three months, analysis of the bone mineral density, parameters related to mineralization, bone content of Ca, P, Mg, Mn and Zn and serum concentration of parathyroid calcitonin and estrogen was performed.