The sulfonamide-resistance dihydropteroate synthase gene is crucial for efficient biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole by Paenarthrobacter species.

Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are serious pollutants to ecosystems and environments. Previous studies showed that microbial degradation of SAs such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) proceeds via a sad-encoded oxidative pathway, while the sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase gene, sul, is responsible for SA resistance. However, the co-occurrence of sad and sul genes, as well as how the sul gene affects SMX degradation, was not explored.

Identification and characterization of a novel hydroxylamine oxidase, DnfA, that catalyzes the oxidation of hydroxylamine to N.

Nitrogen (N) gas in the atmosphere is partially replenished by microbial denitrification of ammonia. Recent study has shown that Alcaligenes ammonioxydans oxidizes ammonia to dinitrogen via a process featuring the intermediate hydroxylamine, termed "Dirammox" (direct ammonia oxidation). However, the unique biochemistry of this process remains unknown.

HO-1 antagonizes hydroxylamine-triggered population response.

Antagonism is a common behavior seen between microbes in nature. HO-1 converts ammonia to nitrogen under aerobic conditions, which leads to the accumulation of extracellular hydroxylamine (HA), providing pronounced growth advantages against many bacterial genera, including V4. In contrast, a mutant variant of , strain 2-29, that cannot produce HA fails to antagonize other bacteria.

Dirammox Is Widely Distributed and Dependently Evolved in and Is Important to Nitrogen Cycle.

Nitrogen cycle is an essential process for environmental health. Dirammox (ect onia idation), encoded by the cluster, was a novel pathway for microbial N production defined in HO-1. Here, a copy of the cluster as a whole was proved to have existed and very conserved in all genomes.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., two bacteria from constructed wetland.

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strains designated 3A5MI-3 and RSS-23 were isolated from the Dragon-shaped Wetland System in Beijing Olympic Park, PR China. Strain 3A5MI-3 grew at 15–45 °C, pH 5.0–9.

Degradation of amoxicillin by newly isolated Bosea sp. Ads-6.

Amoxicillin (AMX), one of the micro-amount hazardous pollutants, was frequently detected in environments, and of great risks to environments and human health. Microbial degradation is a promising method to eliminate pollutants. In this study, an efficient AMX-degrading strain, Ads-6, was isolated and characterized.

Novel Alcaligenes ammonioxydans sp. nov. from wastewater treatment sludge oxidizes ammonia to N with a previously unknown pathway.

Heterotrophic nitrifiers are able to oxidize and remove ammonia from nitrogen-rich wastewaters but the genetic elements of heterotrophic ammonia oxidation are poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel heterotrophic nitrifier, Alcaligenes ammonioxydans sp. nov.

The damage and tolerance mechanisms of Phaffia rhodozyma mutant strain MK19 grown at 28 °C.

Background: Phaffia rhodozyma has many desirable properties for astaxanthin production, including rapid heterotrophic metabolism and high cell densities in fermenter culture. The low optimal temperature range (17-21 °C) for cell growth and astaxanthin synthesis in this species presents an obstacle to efficient industrial-scale astaxanthin production. The inhibition mechanism of cell growth at > 21 °C in P.

Hydroxylation at Multiple Positions Initiated the Biodegradation of Indeno[1,2,3-cd]Pyrene in IcdP1.

Nowadays, contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has become a serious problem all over the world; in particular, high-molecular-weight PAHs (HWM PAHs, four to seven rings) are more harmful to human health and environment due to their more complex structure and metabolic pathway. Biodegradation of PAHs with six or more rings, such as indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP), was rarely described. An IcdP-degrading strain, IcdP1, was isolated from HWM PAH-contaminated soil.

Curcumin, a Multi-Ion Channel Blocker That Preferentially Blocks Late Na Current and Prevents I/R-Induced Arrhythmias.

Increasing evidence shows that Curcumin (Cur) has a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of Cur in the electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes is currently not entirely understood. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cur on the action potential and transmembrane ion currents in rabbit ventricular myocytes to explore its antiarrhythmic property.

Eleutheroside B, a selective late sodium current inhibitor, suppresses atrial fibrillation induced by sea anemone toxin II in rabbit hearts.

Eleutheroside B (EB) is the main active constituent derived from the Chinese herb Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) that has been reported to possess cardioprotective effects. In this study we investigated the effects of EB on cardiac electrophysiology and its suppression on atrial fibrillation (AF). Whole-cell recording was conducted in isolated rabbit atrial myocytes.

Pseudomonas sp. AOB-7 utilizes PHA granules as a sustained-release carbon source and biofilm carrier for aerobic denitrification of aquaculture water.

Nitrate accumulation causes long-time threat to aquatic animals in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS); thus, nitrate removal is also required in RASs. However, the lack of carbon sources makes denitrification difficult to function. Nitrate removal performance of an aerobic denitrifying and extracellular polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas sp.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a Ubiquitous "Most-Wanted" Core Bacterial Taxon from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants.

Microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a key role in the removal of pollutants from municipal and industrial wastewaters. A recent study estimated that activated sludge from global municipal WWTPs harbors 1 × 10 to 2 × 10 microbial species, the majority of which have not yet been cultivated, and 28 core taxa were identified as "most-wanted" ones (L. Wu, D.

Cross Talk between Chemosensory Pathways That Modulate Chemotaxis and Biofilm Formation.

Complex chemosensory systems control multiple biological functions in bacteria, such as chemotaxis, gene regulation, and cell cycle progression. Many species contain more than one chemosensory system per genome, but little is known about their potential interplay. In this study, we reveal cross talk between two chemosensory pathways that modulate chemotaxis and biofilm formation in We demonstrate that some chemoreceptors that govern chemotaxis also contribute to biofilm formation and these chemoreceptors can physically interact with components of both pathways.

Photobacterium sp. NNA4, an efficient hydroxylamine-transforming heterotrophic nitrifier/aerobic denitrifier.

An efficient heterotrophic nitrifying/aerobic denitrifying strain, Photobacterium sp. NNA4 was isolated from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). NNA4 was capable of utilizing ammonia, nitrate or nitrite as sole N-source with maximal removal rates of 12.

Microbial community dynamics in an ANAMMOX reactor for piggery wastewater treatment with startup, raising nitrogen load, and stable performance.

Bacterial community dynamics of the ANAMMOX reactor of an integrated "UASB + SHARON + ANAMMOX" system for treating piggery wastewater were investigated using the Illumina MiSeq method with samples obtained at ~ 2-week intervals during a 314-day period. With aerobic activated sludge as seeds and low content artificial wastewater (NH-N 50 mg/L; NO-N 55 mg/L) as influent for the ANAMMOX reactor, nitrogen removal was initially observed on day 38 with a removal rate 1.3 mg N L day, and increased to 90.

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil mesocosms by microbial/plant bioaugmentation: Performance and mechanism.

In order to study the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an aged and highly contaminated soil, four bioremediation strategies (indigenous microorganisms, microbial bioaugmentation with a PAH-degrading and bioemulsifier-producing strain, Rhodococcus ruber Em1, plant bioaugmentation with Orychophragmus violaceus and their combination) were compared and the enhanced degradation mechanism was investigated in soil mesocosms. Degradation rates over a period of 175 days showed that Em1 combined with Orychophragmus violaceus promoted a significant enhancement of PAHs degradation. In inoculated microcosms with Rhodococcus ruberEm1, mineralization reached a lower level in the absence than in the presence of plants.

Barbaloin inhibits ventricular arrhythmias in rabbits by modulating voltage-gated ion channels.

Barbaloin (10-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone) is extracted from the aloe plant and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, and other biological activities. Here, we investigated the effects of barbaloin on cardiac electrophysiology, which has not been reported thus far. Cardiac action potentials (APs) and ionic currents were recorded in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes using whole-cell patch-clamp technique.

Mechanism of anti-Vibrio activity of marine probiotic strain Bacillus pumilus H2, and characterization of the active substance.

Vibriosis is a major epizootic disease that impacts free-living and farmed fish species worldwide. Use of probiotics is a promising approach for prevention of Vibrio infections in aquaculture. A probiotic anti-Vibrio strain, Bacillus pumilus H2, was characterized, and the mechanism of its effect was investigated.