[Application of three-dimensional endoanal and endorectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of anorectal fistula].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of three-dimensional anal and endorectal ultrasound in identifying the internal opening and tracing the tract of the anorectal fistula.

Methods: From November 2008 to January 2010, 127 patients suffering anorectal fistula were managed with three-dimensional endoanal and endorectal ultrasound. The internal opening, the tract of the fistula and fistula trace were identified by the ultrasonography with three-dimensional imaging.

Aberration of X chromosome in liver neoplasm detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Background: A diverse range of cytogenetic alterations of autosomal chromosomes has been reported to date. However, few studies have addressed the abnormalities of X chromosome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) except sporadic reports on the deletion of band F1 in X chromosome, and the clonal analysis of methylation pattern of the X chromosome-linked human androgen receptor gene. Identification of specific X chromosome alterations during the course of neoplastic development would be essential to defining the genetic basis of HCC.