A novel strategy for anammox consortia preservation: Transformation into anoxic sulfide oxidation consortia.

The preservation of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) consortia is crucial for the rapid start-up and the process stability of the anammox based bioreactor. This work proposed and evaluated the feasibility of an anammox consortia preservation strategy, in which the anammox sludge was transformed into intermediate anoxic sulfide oxidation (ASO) functional microorganisms. Initially, the ASO process was successfully started up by inoculating anammox sludge and the overall sulfide and nitrate removal rates stabilized at 57.

Effect of divalent nickel on the anammox process in a UASB reactor.

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has the advantages of a high nitrogen removal rate, low operational cost, and small footprint and has been successfully implemented to treat high-content ammonium wastewater. However, very little is known about the toxicity of the heavy metal element Ni(II) to the anammox process. In this study, the short- and long-term effects of Ni(II) on the anammox process in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor were revealed.

Co-inhibition of salinity and Ni(II) in the anammox-UASB reactor.

Both nickel and salinity are often detected in the environment. Especially electroplating wastewater contains some salt and nickel, which affects microbial activity in biological wastewater treatment process. In this study, the effects of sustaining addition of a high-concentration salinity and Ni(II) on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process were examined.

Anammox granule as new inoculum for start-up of anaerobic sulfide oxidation (ASO) process and its reverse start-up.

The feasibility of implementing anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granules to start up high-loading anaerobic sulfide oxidation (ASO) in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor was investigated. An innovation method of the reverse start-up of anammox was also validated. Firstly, the reactor was operated to treat sulfide-rich wastewaters into which nitrite was introduced as an electron acceptor.

Insight into the short- and long-term effects of quinoline on anammox granules: Inhibition and acclimatization.

The short- and long-term influence of quinoline on the properties of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biogranules was evaluated. During batch tests, the bioactivity of anammox granules in the presence of different quinoline concentrations was monitored, and the IC of quinoline was calculated to be 13.1 mg L using a non-competitive inhibition model.

Discrepant effects of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on anammox sludge properties: A comparison between Cu and CuO nanoparticles.

Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) show differences in antimicrobial activity due to different chemical and physical properties. Using copper as a representative example, this study compared the NP effects on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria in wastewater treatment. Long-term exposure to 5 mgCu L CuNPs reduced the physiological activity and abundance of anammox bacteria, thereby causing deterioration of reactor performance.

Evaluating the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (TiO, AlO, SiO and CeO) on anammox process: Performance, microflora and sludge properties.

The increasing use of engineered metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) in consumer products raises great concerns about their environmental impacts, but their potential impacts on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in wastewater treatment remain unclear. In this study, the presence of MONPs (1, 50, 200 mg L) exhibited no visible effects on the nitrogen removal performance of anammox reactors, but high levels (200 mg L) of SiONPs, AlONPs and CeONPs had a distinct effect on shaping the anammox community. Long-term exposure of MONPs caused different responses in the relative abundance of Ca.

Transient disturbance of engineered ZnO nanoparticles enhances the resistance and resilience of anammox process in wastewater treatment.

The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer and industrial products raises concerns about their environmental impacts, but their potential influence on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in wastewater treatment remains unknown. In this study, the response of granule-based anammox reactor to different loads of ZnONPs was investigated. The introduction of 1-5mgL ZnONPs did not affect reactor performance, but 90% of the nitrogen removal capacity was deprived by a shock of 10mgL ZnONPs within 3days.

Enhanced effects of maghemite nanoparticles on the flocculent sludge wasted from a high-rate anammox reactor: Performance, microbial community and sludge characteristics.

Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely applied in environmental remediation, biomass immobilization and wastewater treatment, but their potential impact on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biomass remains unknown. In this study, the short-term and long-term impacts of maghemite NPs (MHNPs) on the flocculent sludge wasted from a high-rate anammox reactor were investigated. Batch assays showed that the presence of MHNPs up to 200 mg L did not affect anammox activity, reactive oxygen species production, or cell membrane integrity.

Mass transfer characteristics, rheological behavior and fractal dimension of anammox granules: The roles of upflow velocity and temperature.

In this study, the mass transfer, rheological behavior and fractal dimension of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granules in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors at various temperatures (8.5-34.5°C) and upflow velocities (0.

Unraveling the impact of nanoscale zero-valent iron on the nitrogen removal performance and microbial community of anammox sludge.

Given the increasing use of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles for environmental remediation and wastewater treatment, their potential impact on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria was investigated in this study using anammox sludge. Batch assays showed that NZVI concentrations up to 200mgL did not affect anammox activity, reactive oxygen species production, and cell membrane integrity. The nitrogen removal efficiency of the continuous-flow reactor fluctuated in the presence of 20 or 50mgL NZVI, but it could return to normal over time, even at 200mgL NZVI.

Susceptibility, resistance and resilience of anammox biomass to nanoscale copper stress.

The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) poses an emerging challenge to biological wastewater treatment. The long-term impact of CuNPs on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process was firstly investigated in this study. The nitrogen removal capacity of anammox reactor was nearly deprived within 30days under the stress of 5.

Individual and combined inhibition of phenol and thiocyanate on microbial activity of partial nitritation.

This study evaluated the individual and interactive effect of phenol and thiocyanate (SCN) on partial nitritation (PN) activity using batch test and response surface methodology. The IC of phenol and SCN on PN sludge were 5.6 and 351 mg L, respectively.

Combined impacts of nanoparticles on anammox granules and the roles of EDTA and S in attenuation.

Previous studies investigating the risk of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) to biological wastewater treatment have primarily tested NPs individually; however, limited data are available on the impact of NPs on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. In this study, the toxicity of CuNPs on anammox granules was investigated individually and in combination with CuONPs or ZnONPs. Exposure to CuNPs at 5mgg suspended solids (SS) decreased the anammox activity to 47.

Short-term impacts of Cu, CuO, ZnO and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on anammox sludge: CuNPs make a difference.

The increasing application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has posed an emerging challenge to wastewater treatment processes. The short-term impacts of CuNPs, CuONPs, ZnONPs and AgNPs on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process were investigated firstly in this study. CuONPs, ZnONPs and AgNPs up to 50mgg suspended solid (SS) did not affect anammox activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or cell membrane integrity.

Inhibition of the partial nitritation by roxithromycin and Cu(II).

To facilitate the application of partial nitritation (PN) - anaerobic ammonium oxidation process in nitrogen removal from livestock wastewater, the inhibition of roxithromycin (ROX) and Cu(II) on the PN sludge was examined using a respirometric method. The results showed that the IC50 of ROX and Cu(II) on PN sludge were 346 and 74.3mgL(-1), respectively.

Insight into the short- and long-term effects of inorganic phosphate on anammox granule property.

The short- and long-term effects of inorganic phosphate on property of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granule were investigated in this study. Acute exposure to high-level phosphate (⩾50 mM) induced the cytoplasm leakage. During a 195-day continuous-flow operation, the gradually increasing phosphate (up to 500 mgP L(-1)) slightly affected the specific anammox activity, hardly impacted the heme c content, remarkably decreased the extracellular polymeric substances production and significantly stimulated the dehydrogenase activity of anammox granules.

Long-term effects of heavy metals and antibiotics on granule-based anammox process: granule property and performance evolution.

The feasibility of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process to treat synthetic swine wastewater containing antibiotics and heavy metals was studied in this work. Nitrogen removal performance and granule characteristics were tracked by continuous-flow monitoring to evaluate the long-term joint effects of Cu and Zn and of Cu and oxytetracycline (OTC). Cu and Zn with a joint loading rate (JLR) of 0.

Cucurbitacin B induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy associated with G actin reduction and persistent activation of cofilin in Jurkat cells.

Aim: The present study aimed to explore the antitumor effect and action mechanism of cucurbitacin B (CuB) on human T-cell leukemia Jurkat cells.

Methods: Cell proliferation was measured by the MTS assay. Cell cycle distribution, mitochondrial membrane potential and annexin V staining were analyzed using flow cytometry.

[Effect of proteins extracted from mycelia of Omphalia lapidescens on inhibiting H, liver cancer in mice and regulating immune function].

Objective: To explore the effect of proteins extraceed from mycelia of Omphalia lapidescens on inhibiting H22 liver cancer in vivo.

Methods: 50 hepatoma 22 tumor bearing mice models were divided into five groups randomly:control group( CG), cyclophosphamide group, and 3 groups of incremental Hepatoma 22 dosages (5, 3, 1 mg/kg). All groups were i.