Can heat conditions affect the heart rate responses, perception of effort, and technical performance of young male football players during small-sided games? a comparative study.

Background: Soccer coaches often employ small-sided games (SSGs) to elicit both physiological and technical responses from players. However, numerous contextual factors can influence the outcomes of these games. This comparative study aimed to investigate how environmental temperature (< 21ºC and > 29ºC) impacts heart rate responses, perception of effort, and technical performance in young male football players during SSGs.

Blocking the interaction between circTNRC18 and LIN28A promotes trophoblast epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and alleviates preeclampsia.

Defects in migration and invasion caused by dysregulation of trophoblastic epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) play a vital role in preeclampsia (PE). We have previously shown that circTNRC18 inhibits the migration and EMT of trophoblasts; however, its role in PE remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that circTNRC18 interacts with an RNA-binding protein, lin-28 homolog A (LIN28A), and this interaction is enhanced in PE placental tissue.

Storage of Airy wavepackets based on electromagnetically induced transparency.

The research of Airy beams has attained much attention due to their unique characteristics. Coherent control of Airy beams is important for further light beam manipulation and information processing. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the storage and retrieval of 2D Airy wavepackets in a solid-state medium driven by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT).

Image routing via atomic spin coherence.

Coherent storage of optical image in a coherently-driven medium is a promising method with possible applications in many fields. In this work, we experimentally report a controllable spatial-frequency routing of image via atomic spin coherence in a solid-state medium driven by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Under the EIT-based light-storage regime, a transverse spatial image carried by the probe field is stored into atomic spin coherence.

Investigation on Photophysical Properties of D-π-A-π-D-Type Fluorenone-Based Linear Conjugated Oligomers by Using Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy.

The effects of π-spacer and electron donor groups on the photophysical behaviors of fluorenone-based linear conjugated oligomers have been systemically investigated. Solvent-dependent steady-state measurements exhibit that the fluorene vinylene (FV) spacer and the electron-donating ability of donor group are able to modulate the spectral features of oligomers and the fluorescence quantum yield could decrease with the increasing of the solvent polarity. Meanwhile, quantum chemical calculation simulates their absorption spectra, and analyzes their electron transition components simultaneously.

Observation of the fluorescence spectrum for a driven cascade model system in atomic beam.

We experimentally study the resonance fluorescence from an excited two-level atom when the atomic upper level is coupled by a nonresonant field to a higher-lying state in a rubidium atomic beam. The heights, widths and positions of the fluorescence peaks can be controlled by modifying the detuning of the auxiliary field. We explain the observed spectrum with the transition properties of the dressed states generated by the coupling of the two laser fields.

Control of spontaneous emission from a micro-wave driven atomic system.

We demonstrate coherent control of spontaneous emission from an indirectly coupled transition in a microwave driven four-level atomic system. The transition of concern is not directly coupled by any laser fields, while the ground state is coupled to another ground state by a microwave field. We show that the coupling of the microwave field produces interesting features such as double narrow lines in the emission spectrum.

Efficient frequency conversion induced by quantum constructive interference.

We demonstrate in experiment an efficient cw four-wave mixing scheme with maximal intensity conversion efficiency up to 73% in a double-Λ system of hot rubidium atoms. Relevant theoretical analysis shows that this high conversion efficiency benefits greatly from the constructive interference between two four-wave mixing channels, characterized by two different space-dependent phases.

Dual-channel all-optical wavelength conversion switching by four-wave mixing.

We report an experimental demonstration of dual-channel all-optical wavelength conversion switching in hot Rb vapor. In a four-level atomic system, a coupling field and a pump field interact with both (87)Rb and (85)Rb isotopes simultaneously and facilitate the generation of two nonlinear signals when the probe field is applied to the corresponding transition. Each nonlinear signal is switched on and off separately by the pump field at different frequencies based on four-wave mixing and isotope shifts.

Slowing and storage of double light pulses in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal.

We experimentally demonstrate the slowing and storage of double light pulses in a Pr(3+):Y(2)SiO(5) crystal using a multilevel-tripod scheme. Owing to double dark-state polaritons of the tripod-type system, two signal pulses can be simultaneously slowed. Also, we realize the simultaneous storage (and retrieval) of double light pulses by switching off (and back on) the control field.

Three-channel all-optical routing in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal.

We experimentally demonstrate a three-channel all-optical routing based on light storage in a Pr(3+):Y(2)SiO(5) crystal. By switching off the control field under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency, the optical information of the probe light pulse can be stored in the crystal. When three retrieve control fields are switched on in the release process, the stored optical information from one light channel can be transferred (or distributed) into three different light channels.

[Infrared spectral studies of separation of QAPVA/PMPVA complex membrane for dehydrating water of 95% ethanol].

Quaternized polyvinyl alcohol (QAPVA) and phosphate monoester polyvinyl alcohol (PMPVA) were self-assembled into polyion complex (PIC) membrane. The infrared spectra (IR) of PIC membrane dipped in 95% ethanol for 48 h were studied in the temperature range of 20-120 degrees C with an interval of 20 degrees C by analyzing the temperature dependent variations of OH stretch vibration base bands (upsilonOH) at >3000 cm(-1). Hydrogen-bond of water in 95% ethanol with PIC was studied.

Coherence transfer between atomic ground states by the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage.

We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that the atomic coherence can be completely transferred or arbitrarily contributed among the different levels in a four-level atomic (tripod) scheme by a group of coupled pulse sequences. This technique can be applied to the information conversion in slow-light storage, quantum logical gates, and so on, which is based on the atomic coherence effect.

SHG in doped GaSe:In crystals.

Optical transmission range and phase matching (PM) conditions for second harmonic generation (SHG) of Er3+:YSGG and CO2 laser in indium doped GaSe:In(0.1, 1.23, 2.

SHG phase matching in GaSe and mixed GaSe1(1-x)S(x), x < or =0.412, crystals at room temperature.

The optical properties of p-type GaSe and mixed GaSe(1-x)S(x), x=0.04, 0.023, 0.

Investigation of spontaneously generated coherence in dressed states of (85)Rb atoms.

We investigate the effects of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) on the electromagnetically induced transparency features in a four-level Lambda-type system. We show that double-transparency windows and a controllable narrow absorption peak can be obtained with the presence of SGC. We present an equivalent system without the rigorous requirement of close-lying levels to observe the phenomena.

Construction of refractive-index profile of Ag+-Na+ ion-exchange channel waveguide by two-dimensional inverse matrix method.

The refractive-index profile of ion-exchange channel waveguide is reconstructed by near-field measurement combined with two-dimensional inverse matrix method, which can avoid the problems brought by multimeasurements and iteration smoothing in the process. The method used here has the advantages of convenient operation and accurate results for the characteristics of the asymmetric channel waveguide. It can be also applied to the refractive-index profile measurements of graded index fibers, polarization maintaining fibers, and single-mode planar waveguides.

Optical information transfer between two light channels in a Pr(3+):Y(2)SiO(5)crystal.

We experimentally demonstrate light storage and release in a four-level double-lambda atomic system of a Pr (3+):Y(2)SiO(5) crystal. Based on the technique of light storage, we realize optical information transfer between two light channels. The coherent optical information of a probe pulse stored in the crystal can be selectively released into two different light channels by varying the frequency and propagation direction of the switch-on control field.

Observation of CARS signal via maximal atomic coherence prepared by F-STIRAP in a three-level atomic system.

We control the atomic coherence and the population transfer among Rb hyperfine atomic levels by the fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (F-STIRAP) in a L-type configuration, and verify the theoretical predictions. Applying this technique, we are able to prepare the atoms with maximal coherence to enhance coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal. In our experiment by scanning the frequency of one laser from 794.

Influence of sampling rate on the precision for particle size by dynamic light scattering with analog detection.

A dynamic light scattering (DLS) experimental system has been set up to study the influence of the sampling rate on the precision of monodispersed particle sizing. Several different parameters relating to the measurement, such as the sampling rate, the number of the correlation channels, the storage depth, and the lag time, are selected to execute the DLS measurement. The experimental results obtained in different cases are reported, and the influences of the sampling rate on particle sizing are also discussed.

Wide-tunable, high-energy AgGaS(2) optical parametric oscillator.

Nanosecond AgGaS(2) type-I singly resonant optical parametric oscillator pumped by a Q-switched 1.064 mum Nd:YAG laser is demonstrated experimentally. Continuously tunable 2.

Multiline absorption spectroscopy for methane gas detection.

A multiline absorption spectroscopy technique was investigated based on the single-line absorption spectroscopy technique. An open-path methane-detecting system was designed. An LED was used as a broadband source, and a Fabry-Perot interferometer whose transmission peaks matched the methane R-branch absorption lines was used to enhance the detectable sensitivity.