Tumor immunotherapy resistance: Revealing the mechanism of PD-1 / PD-L1-mediated tumor immune escape.

Tumor immunotherapy, an innovative anti-cancer therapy, has showcased encouraging outcomes across diverse tumor types. Among these, the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway is a well-known immunological checkpoint, which is significant in the regulation of immune evasion by tumors. Nevertheless, a considerable number of patients develop resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, rendering it ineffective in the long run.

Real-world tobacco cessation practice in China: findings from the prospective, nationwide multicenter China National Tobacco Cessation Cohort Study (CNTCCS).

Background: Tobacco cessation is proven to be the most effective and cost-effective strategy for smokers to reduce their risk of smoking-related disease and premature death. Providing effective, efficient, safe, and patient-centred tobacco cessation treatment to reach those who need them is a significant challenge. To date, only a few nationwide studies in China have assessed the overall clinical care practice and treatment outcome of tobacco cessation.

SIRT7 affects autophagy and activation of hepatic stellate cells by regulating the acetylation level of high mobility group protein 1.

Objective: Preventing the progression of hepatic fibrosis is an important strategy to improve the prognosis of liver disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sirtuin7 (SIRT7) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) acetylation in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis.

Materials And Methods: Hepatic fibrosis mice model was induced by CCl.

Phosphorus facilitation and covariation of root traits in steppe species.

Different phosphorus (P)-acquisition strategies may be relevant for species coexistence and plant performance in terrestrial communities on P-deficient soils. However, how interspecific P facilitation functions in natural systems is largely unknown. We investigated the root physiological activities for P mobilization across 19 coexisting plant species in steppe vegetation, and then grew plants with various abilities to mobilize sorbed P in a microcosm in a glasshouse.

Overexpressing microRNA-34a overcomes ABCG2-mediated drug resistance to 5-FU in side population cells from colon cancer via suppressing DLL1.

Colon cancer side population (SP) cells are a small subset of cancer cells that have cancer stemness capacity and enhanced drug resistance. ABCG2 is a multidrug resistance-related protein in SP cells and has been demonstrated to be regulated by Notch signalling pathway. Recently, microRNAs are reported to play a critical role in SP cell fate.

Long noncoding RNA XIST enhances ethanol-induced hepatic stellate cells autophagy and activation via miR-29b/HMGB1 axis.

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a prominent driver of liver fibrogenesis, including alcoholic liver fibrosis (ALF). Furthermore, autophagy contributes to HSCs activation. This study aims to investigate the role and the mechanisms of long noncoding RNA XIST in regulating HSCs autophagy and activation.

Aspirin enhances the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma side population cells to doxorubicin via miR-491/ABCG2.

To explore whether aspirin (ASA) enhances the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) side population (SP) cells to doxorubicin (Doxo) via miR-491/ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2). Non-SP and SP cells were isolated from MHCC-97L cell line using flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Colony formation assay was performed to determine the colony-formation ability of cells.

Inhibition of autophagy reverses alcohol-induced hepatic stellate cells activation through activation of Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling pathway.

Background: Numerous documents have indicated a critical role of autophagy in alcoholic liver fibrosis (ALF), but few papers have reported its function in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. The current study aimed to investigate the regulation effect of autophagy in HSCs activation, in further to explore the underlying mechanism involved.

Methods: HSC-T6 cells were treated with ethanol, 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor) or rapamycin (autophagy inducer), and cells were also transfected with si-Nrf2 or si-Keap1.

[Effects of Cu2+ stress on DNA polymorphism of genome in foxtail millet of different genotypes].

Cu2+ is an essential element for plant growth, and is one of the major elements in the environment. In order to investigate the physiological characteristics and geno-toxicity effects of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L) Beauv) under different Cu2+ stress, four genotypes of foxtail millet (Zhaogu, Huangmi, An06, D2-8) from Shanxi, China were cultivated for 30 days in a pot filled with soil of with different mass concentrations of Cu2+ (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg.kg-l).

Overexpression of SUMO-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma: a latent target for diagnosis and therapy of hepatoma.

Purpose: To investigate the expression of SUMO-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and clinical HCC samples.

Methods: RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of SUMO-1 in HCC cell lines, clinical HCC samples,and the non-neoplastic liver tissues adjacent to HCC. After transfection of SUMO-1 siRNA into HCC cell line SMMC-7721, the expression levels of Bcl-2, c-Myc and α-tubulin were examined, and MTT assay and cell cycle analysis were carried out as well.

[DNA content and its correlation with biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between DNA content and biological behavior and its prognostic significance in non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: Tumor DNA content was determined by flow cytometry in the specimens from 58 patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer. The DNA content of each cell subpopulation was expressed as the DNA index (DI), and an internal standard was provided by the normal pulmonary parenchymal cells in the same specimen.