Membrane cleaning in membrane distillation of reverse osmosis concentrate generated in landfill leachate treatment.

As a thermally induced membrane separation process, membrane distillation (MD) has drawn more and more attention to the advantages of treating hypersaline wastewaters, especially the concentrate from the reverse osmosis (RO) process. One of the major obstacles in widespread MD application is the membrane fouling. We investigated the feasibility of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for landfill leachate reverse osmosis concentrate (LFLRO) brine treatment and systematically assessed the efficiency of chemical cleaning for DCMD after processing LFLRO brine.

Quantitative source apportionment of dissolved organic matters in wet weather overflows of storm drainage systems based on degradation potential index and end member mixing model.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wet weather overflows (WWFs) of storm drainage systems mainly originates from anthropogenic sources, such as paved runoff, illegally discharged domestic sewage and the retained sediment. This study provides a promising method to quantitatively apportion the WWF DOM of storm drainage systems using degradation potential index (DPI) and end member mixing (EMM) model. DPI is derived from excitation-emission matrix parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), which can endow the end members and itself of WWF DOM with numerical features, and thus help quantify the source contributions of WWF DOM in EMM model.

In vitro digestion and fecal fermentation of highly resistant starch rice and its effect on the gut microbiota.

Highly resistant starch rice (HRSR) is of particular interest in terms of its capacity to deliver short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to the colon in the prevention of diabetes mellitus and obesity. In this study, HRSR was processed into cooked rice, rice milk, rice cake, and rice popcorn, and the in vitro digestion and fermentation processes were monitored. The results showed that the starch digestibility of the four samples conformed to a first-order two-phase equation, and the resistant starch content of rice cake was the highest (11.

Complexing characteristics between Cu(Ⅱ) ions and dissolved organic matter in combined sewer overflows: Implications for the removal of heavy metals by enhanced coagulation.

Enhanced coagulation has been widely used in storm tanks to remove heavy metal ions (HMs) from combined sewer overflows (CSOs), but faces challenges on removing the HMs bound to dissolved organic matter (DOM) with small molecular weight (MW). DOM ubiquitously existing in CSOs generally contains a large distribution range of MW, which can significantly impact the MW distribution of HMs by complexing reaction, thereby adding uncertainties for the removal efficiency of coagulation. Therefore, realizing the potential MW distribution of the HMs bound to CSO-DOM is greatly important for cost-effectively removing HMs from CSOs in the coagulation process.

[Start-up Performance of Low-substrate Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Under Different COD Concentrations].

An anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR)was used to treat low-substrate simulated wastewater with NH-N and NO-N concentrations of (25.00±0.40) mg·L and (33.

[Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal in Continuous Flow Reactor with Intermittent Aeration].

A continuous flow reactor (TCFR) with 10 compartments was used to treat domestic sewage. The anaerobic compartments of TCFR were kept at 3. The anoxic compartments of TCFR were reduced from 2 to 0.

Evaluation of the MiSeq FGx system for use in forensic casework.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is widely used in forensic genetics to study short tandem repeats (STRs). Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have facilitated the development of new strategies for forensic DNA typing. Several studies have shown that NGS successfully analyzes challenging samples.

[Characteristics of Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal by A/O-BAF at Low Temperatures].

Low C/N domestic sewage was treated by an A/O-biological aerated filter (BAF) system at low temperatures (11-14℃). The characteristics of pollutant removal, the ratio of denitrifying phosphorus to nitrogen (ΔPO/ΔNON) and effects of aeration flow and effective packing height on nitrification in BAF were studied. The results showed that when the average influent concentrations of COD, NH-N, TN and PO were 193.

[Effect of HRT on Nitrogen Removal Using ANAMMOX and Heterotrophic Denitrification].

Real domestic sewage was first treated in SBR and partial nitrification was achieved. When average concentrations of NH-N, NO-N, and COD were 37.27, 39.

[Performance of the Removal of Nitrogen During Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Using Different Operational Strategies].

The effects of low substrate ratio, cooling methods, and pH on nitrogen removal performance were studied in a laboratory-scale anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor (ASBR) while treating simulated domestic waste water. The results illustrated that the average removal efficiencies of NH-N and NO-N increased from 54.4% and 65.

[Effect of Step Feed on Denitrifying Phosphorus and Nitrate Removal in a Modification of the Two Sludge A/O-BAF System].

A modification of the two sludge A/O-BAF system was used to treat low C/N real domestic sewage. In order to improve the utilization of the carbon source, the effects of two step feeds (pre-anoxic zone and anoxic zone) on denitrifying phosphorus and nitrate removal were studied. According to the formula of material balance for COD, the utilization of carbon source was analyzed and evaluated under different ratios of step feed, simultaneously.

Functional characterization of rice CW-domain containing zinc finger proteins involved in histone recognition.

Histone recognition is important for understanding the mechanisms of histone modification, which play a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation during plant development. Here, we identified three cysteine-tryptophan (CW)-domain containing zinc finger (ZF) proteins involved in histone recognition, namely OsCW-ZF3, OsCW-ZF5 and OsCW-ZF7. Protein sequence analysis showed that they have two unknown motifs in addition to the CW domain.

OsHSD1, a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, is involved in cuticle formation and lipid homeostasis in rice.

Cuticular wax, a hydrophobic layer on the surface of all aerial plant organs, has essential roles in plant growth and survival under various environments. Here we report a wax-deficient rice mutant oshsd1 with reduced epicuticular wax crystals and thicker cuticle membrane. Quantification of the wax components and fatty acids showed elevated levels of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and accumulation of soluble fatty acids in the leaves of the oshsd1 mutant.