IL-18 cleavage triggers cardiac inflammation and fibrosis upon β-adrenergic insult.

Aims: Rapid over-activation of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) upon stress leads to cardiac inflammation, a prevailing factor that underlies heart injury. However, mechanisms by which acute β-AR stimulation induce cardiac inflammation still remain unknown. Here, we set out to identify the crucial role of inflammasome/interleukin (IL)-18 in initiating and maintaining cardiac inflammatory cascades upon β-AR insult.

Echocardiographic assessment of β-adrenoceptor stimulation-induced heart failure with reduced heart rate in mice.

1. Chronic injection with the β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) agonist isoproterenol (ISO) has been commonly used as an animal model of β-AR-induced cardiac remodelling and heart failure. This ISO-treated model usually exhibits significantly decreased conscious heart rate (HR).

Developmental changes in the geometry, function and responsiveness of the mouse heart to beta-adrenergic stimulation as determined by high-resolution echocardiography.

1. The mouse is the preferred species for gene targeting as a tool for research into the heart and heart development. The developmental features of the geometry and function of the heart in young mice are not well defined and cardiac functional responses following stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors have not been investigated.

Stimulation of adenosine A(2B) receptors induces interleukin-6 secretion in cardiac fibroblasts via the PKC-delta-P38 signalling pathway.

Background And Purpose: Inflammatory response and cytokine activation are markedly stimulated after myocardial infarction, and contribute to cardiac remodelling. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has pleiotropic effects on cardiac remodelling. Adenosine, released by all cell types, binds to a class of G protein-coupled receptors to induce various cardiovascular effects.

Chlorination diversifies Cimicifuga racemosa triterpene glycosides.

Extracts from the roots and rhizomes of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) are widely used as dietary supplements to alleviate menopausal symptoms. State-of-the-art quality control measures involve phytochemical fingerprinting of the triterpene glycosides for species identification and chemical standardization by HPLC. In the course of developing materials and methods for standardization procedures, the major C.

alpha1-adrenergic receptors activate AMP-activated protein kinase in rat hearts.

To test the hypothesis that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is possibly the downstream signaling molecule of certain subtypes of adrenergic receptor (AR) in the heart, we evaluated AMPK activation mediated by ARs in H9C2 cells, a rat cardiac source cell line, and rat hearts. The AMPK-alpha subunit and the phosphorylation level of Thr(172)-AMPK-alpha subunit were subjected to Western blot analysis. Osmotic minipumps filled with norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE) or vehicle [0.

Noncanonical cAMP pathway and p38 MAPK mediate beta2-adrenergic receptor-induced IL-6 production in neonatal mouse cardiac fibroblasts.

We previously reported that cardiac fibroblasts, but not cardiomyocytes, are served as the predominant source of IL-6 after isoproterenol stimulation in mouse myocardium. The present study investigated the molecular mechanism of isoproterenol-mediated secretion of IL-6 in mouse cardiac fibroblasts. Treatment of cells with isoproterenol-induced a time-dependent accumulation of IL-6, which was mediated by beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (AR), the preponderant beta-AR subtype in cardiac fibroblasts.

AICAR stimulates IL-6 production via p38 MAPK in cardiac fibroblasts in adult mice: a possible role for AMPK.

Though known as a sensor of energy balance, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was recently shown to limit damage and apoptotic activity and contribute to the late preconditioning in heart. Interleukin-6 was also reported to involve in anti-apoptosis and cardio-protection in myocardium. Interestingly, both AMPK activity and IL-6 level were increased in response to ischemia, hypertrophy and oxidative stress.

[Effects of beta-adrenoceptor activation on metabolism in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes].

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) activation on metabolism in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The protein synthesis and total protein content of cardiomyocytes were determined by [(3)H]-leucine incorporation and BCA protein content assay. Cardiomyocyte glucose uptake was measured by [(3)H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake analysis.

Functional alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human right gastroepiploic artery.

Aim: To study the functional alpha1-adrenergic receptor (alpha1-AR) subtypes in human right gastroepiploic artery (RGA).

Methods: The effects of alpha2-AR, alpha1-AR, and alpha1-AR subtype selective antagonists on norepinephrine (NE)-induced vasoconstriction in isolated human RGA were observed by contractile function experiment.

Results: Cumulative concentration-response curves for NE were competitively antagonized in RGA by alpha2-AR selective antagonist yohimbine (pA2 6.

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa L.) protects against menadione-induced DNA damage through scavenging of reactive oxygen species: bioassay-directed isolation and characterization of active principles.

The roots/rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa L. (Nutt.) (black cohosh) have traditionally been used to treat menopausal symptoms through an unknown mechanism of action.

Cimiracemates A-D, phenylpropanoid esters from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa.

Four phenylpropanoid esters, cimiracemates A-D (1-4), along with three known compounds, isoferulic acid, ferulic acid and methyl caffeate were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa. The structures of the esters were elucidated by means of spectral data, including 2D NMR spectroscopy.